I meant to mention this pdf file a couple of weeks ago (but, alas, in the 'spirit' of "omnis homo primum bonum vinum ponit et cum inebriati fuerint tunc id quod deterius est tu servasti bonum vinum usque adhuc"....
.... let's just say, here it is and better late than never (or potius sero quam numquam) http://www.esdjournal.com/techpapr/prevens/steam.pdf "Bubbles and steam electricity" by Prevenslik. It ties this thread and that on Graneau all into sonofusion as well. It stops short of suggesting that the OU mechanism for Graneau might be due to either "bubbles," or hydronium ions, or water-structure, and everyone who is informed on this anomaly seems to have a differing opinion on the mechanism... ergo, perhaps there are overlapping mechanisms. Consequently, this file will not settle anything but instead has something to bolster every view including the idea of "solar pumping"... that is, if the vacuum ultraviolet frequencies can somehow be "stored" in the hydrogen bonds themselves - and why not ?... since hydrogen does have those distinct EUV lines at 6.8 13.6 and 27.2 eV all of which frequencies are found in solar radiation at high altitude - as is "cryo-tempering" at that "magic" transition level of ~124 degrees, and CO2 acidification is probably related to the whole package. 124 K is near the origin of the 12th power water vapor line. The vapor pressure of ice is approximately given by the relationship between pressure (atm) and temperature (K) and ~126 K is the temperature for the phase change between glassy amorphous ice and deeply supercooled amorphous water as seen on Prof Chaplin's site, mentioned earlier. This would also point to the possibility of slight mass enhancement (Robert Forward idea) as would absorption of the 6.8 eV should that energy be able to cohere to the proton, as expected. Abstract of Steam Electricity paper: In 1840, Lord Armstrong was the first to study the electrical charge produced as steam escaped from boilers, the phenomenon called "steam electricity." In 1969, interest in steam electricity was renewed because of explosions caused by the ignition of chemical vapors during the washing of ship tanks with steam jets. Steam electricity is proposed explained by the bubbles nucleated in the boiling of water droplets, the bubbles behaving like resonant quantum electrodynamics (QED) cavities. During bubble growth as the bubble cavity resonance coincides with vacuum ultraviolet frequencies, the water molecules on the bubble walls dissociate by cavity QED into hydronium H3O+ and hydroxyl OH- ions. After recombination, only about 20% of the ions are available for electrification, the ions called available ions to be distinguished from the hydronium and hydroxyl ions in the bubble walls described by the pH and pOH of water, called background ions. Boiler water having an acid pH is the result of acid-base equilibrium between dissolved carbon dioxide and carbonic acid, the concentration of background hydronium ions controlled by the buffering action by carbonate and bicarbonate ions.... ...interesting paper. Jones ...the answers are out there.... Not to mention fitting all these suggestions into the basis of the "Casimir slingshot" along with Frank Grimer's stress/strain inversion thinking: > For many years I have been pondering why the > temperature vs. density curve for water between > 100 and 0 degrees Centigrade is of the same form > (root three power) as the shape of the stress > strain curve for concrete. The inverse of > temperature which I have named Compreture - > (though if anyone knows of an earlier name I > will be happy to use it) corresponds to the > loading of the compression testing machine; and > the zero degree centigrade point where the water > collapses into ice corresponds to the point > where the concrete testing machine off loads > its tensile strain energy into the concrete > causing it to break up into a lower density > conglomerate. > > The isotropic pressure of the Compreture > "testing machine" can be seen to be attempting > to make the water into pretty isotropic > tetrahedral structures like diamond. But the > water doesn't want to go there. It wants to > form nice graphite like sheets and because > the Compreture test machine isn't stiff enough. > at 0 degrees the water wriggles away and does > just that. > > Now it seems to me that there is an awful > lot of strain energy that is going to waste > in the transition from quasi-diamond to > quasi-graphite. How can one tame these wild > horses which are cantering about all over the > field burning up calories without doing > anything useful. There must be a way of breaking > them in and harnessing them to the plough. > > One needs to find a way to accelerate the > "diamond-graphite" transition so that the > energy appears at the micro-scale of pressure > rather than at the nano-scale of heat. On needs > to speed up the transition from isotropic to > asymmetric in some way or other. > > One possibility would be to project tiny > droplets of 4 degree water against a very > stiff flat surface at supersonic speed. This > might instantly flatten any isotropic structure > such as near tetrahedrons or clusters, and > release a lot of the tension-compression strain > energy. I seem to remember reading somewhere > about such an experiment but I think it was in > connection with achieving fusion. > > Another possibility is to subject the 4 degree > water to asymmetric shock and awe with electric > or magnetic fields. > > Obviously, there are many possible regimes that > one could investigate and no doubt it will > require the dedication of a Swan or Edison to > carry out the vast number of experiments needed > to achieve success. However, the rewards are so > enormous that once people are convinced of the > plausibility of the endeavour a successful > outcome is inevitable - assuming of course, > that the insight is correct. > > There have been many reports of the addition > of water to I.C. engines improving their > performance. I would think it's quite likely > there's some truth in these reports and that > quite by accident people have stumbled upon a > way of tapping the energy of the Beta-atmosphere > / Casimir pressure / ZPE - call it what you will. > > I visualise a closed system analogous to a > refrigeration system or Stirling engine which > cycles water around the 4 degree - hexagonal > ice transition. The engine will run nice and > cool which will be good for the working parts. ;-) > > I suppose the biggest obstacle to such a > development is the fact that it would be too > good to be true. A bit like cold fusion in fact, > only more so. Just think, complete independence > from the oil barons, the electric power barons, > etc. The mind boggles. > > Cheers > > Frank Grimer
