To recap from a few posts previous in this thread, we have the quasi-Fluid phase providing 2 dimensions of strain energy, and us providing one dimension of strain energy to feed the voracious quasi-Solid phase with its 3 square meals (correction: that should of course be 3 cubic meals) of strain energy <g>).
So, in taking water from 0 to 100 we feed it with 100 calories (not to be confused with the kilo-calories of dieting Vorts) in order to raise the balance point from 300 calories of fat and 200 calories of muscle to 500 calories of fat. But to get the water to fly (vapourize) we have to boil off this fat with 500 more calories (latent heat). Unfortunately the fat bastard is demanding 540 calories before he will get out of bed - So what's with the extra 8 percent? This had me well stumped until Jones Beene yelling "SHAZAM" transmogrified into Captain Marvel and came flying to the rescue with: =============================================================== http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/phase.html#c5 In the process of vapourization of water, a large amount of energy must be added to overcome the remaining cohesive forces between the molecules and an additional amount of energy goes into PdV work to expand the gas from its very small liquid volume to the volume occupied by the resulting vapour. PdV work during vapourization at 100 deg C: (1.013 x 10^5 N/m^2)(22.4 x 373/273 x 10^3 cm^3/mole) ----------------------------------------------------- (18 gm/mole)(10^6 cm^3/m^3) = 172 J/gm = 41 cal/grm If the heat of vaporization of water at 100�C is 539 cal., then subtracting the 41 calorie work component suggests that the actual binding energy of the water molecules at 100�C is 539-41=498 calories. =============================================================== I think that even Horace may cast a blind eye to 2 calories in 500, eh! ;-) Cheers Frank Grimer
