Naudin has updated this experiment with a longer test run of the MAHG demonstrating clearly that this device is able to provide a continuous and stable power flow (875 Watts) at its output for a fairly long time (2 hours) with an efficiency of about 240% and with a net power gain of 515 Watts (input 360 Watts). As many observers have expressed before, calorimetry will never fully convince the skeptic, so one must look ahead to what it will take, eventually to achieve self-power.
With thermoelectric conversion, it would take a COP of 10 approximately. With a Papp-style (sealed) engine implementation, it could be far less, maybe 4-5 or less. The interesting thing about the reciprocating engine is that at 3000 RPM you are getting about the same pulsation frequency as here (assuming Naudin is using 50 cycle � which is not clear.) I have this foggy picture, but coming into-view now - which may help in the grasping the Langmuir/ Moller/ Mills effect - that is, of over-unity energy deriving from electrolyzed hydrogen, but it is difficult to verbalize. It is based on the Hotson interpretation of Dirac, mentioned before. Some may deride this as �word salad� (as it is speculative, without scholarly citations nor the needed mathematics, which is not ready yet) but others who are experimenting with hydrogen plasma arcs may find it explicatory to the degree it will allow them to improve their own experimental efforts. Unlike the normal Langmuir/ Moller explanation � I do not see the over-unity aspect of hydrogen-plasma as related to �atomic hydrogen� per se, nor to any small anisotropy which arises in that delicate dynamic balance between the molecular splitting of H2 followed by recombination � even if there is some, it is not sufficient for what is seen. But instead, it is more likely that the anomaly is relating to a temporarily �bare� proton and the effect of that bare proton, even if it is bare for only picoseconds, on the epo background field. There are many other experiments in the literature that are consistent with this. And unlike Mills, this energy anomaly does not relate to the full 27.2 eV mass-energy range, nor to permanent �shrinkage� of hydrogen below ground state (only temporary oscillation) nor to a catalytic energy-hole. That should read �it is not �necessarily� related to a catalytic ion,� as Mills avers, but because that resonant �hole� which Mills describes may accentuate the base-phenomenon then yes, there is some degree of proximate relationship, but in this view - even a �geometric� hole of a particular size, or a spatial disruption within normal electron flux through a plasma, and not an ion per se, will suffice. Instead, in this view - OU can derive from a much smaller disruption of the Dirac epo field � far smaller than the very large disruption, which Mills sees as necessary and perhaps even smaller than in the Moller method. This process may benefit from the presence of helium or other noble gas as a �catalyst� but it is not necessarily an ionic catalyst. This version involves the much smaller mass-energy �particulate� of 3.4 eV. This particulate will show up in our 3-space as an UV (ultraviolet) photon, but that observation precedes Mills by fifty years. The following is very much a hybrid view that depends on some of Mills findings, but on none of his theory. In the originating epo field, where the UV photon-energy comes from, this photon will have exisisted as something �else� in that space � in the sense of something more akin to a gluon or static neutrino perhaps. It is no accident that the best guess for the rest mass-energy of the electron anti-neutrino is indeed exactly 3.4 eV. But the key to understanding how the phenomenon happens - is in appreciating the BEC nature of one-dimensionality. The term �Space Power� is deliberately ambiguous. It can imply something to do with NASA and space exploration or it can imply - in a more basic sense - ZPE, the aether, and the hidden power of the �active� or exotic vacuum. Geometry enters into the free-energy picture at a rather important level. The 3.4 eV particulate has a definite size (wavelength) when it emerges from its normal BEC constraints (one dimensionality). To even approach the understanding of how it may be possible to cohere any �additional� energy from space, other than what normal physics provides � also demands that we start with a slightly different slant on �what is space� and �what are dimensions� in a primary sense. Space can defined for these purposes (at a minimum) by the juxtaposition of any four one-dimensional �objects� � three is not normally sufficient � only four. Thus - the importance of the tetrahedral arrangement. Surprisingly, this �form-primacy� seems to extends upwards to the �next� level of geometry in an active plasma. In fact, this tetrahedral phenomenon may be best realized when the molecular ratio of Helium to hydrogen in the plasma is 3-1 (since the helium atom and molecule are the same, this means 3 helium atoms per 2 hydrogen atoms or in terms of gram-moles 6-1. At least, some experiments indicate this. For all practical purposes, anything around a Fermi or femptometer can be called 1-space and anything above 100,000 of them can be considered to be fully in 3-space. In abstract terms, this is why hydrogen (the bare proton) is so important to ZPE extraction � as it is the one form of matter which can be easily changed from 3-dimensional to 1-D. The proton is about a Fermi in size (and it is a mistake to call that a �diameter�). One-D objects are typically �strings� or loops rather than spheres. Helium cannot be easily changed into a 1-D form and even the alpha particle has the tetrahedral condition met though in size it is not too large. Hydrogen gas is 3-dimenional only in the molecular form. In atomic form it is not-quite there, but as a �bare� proton, it sits on the very edge of Dirac�s aether � the epo field of �virtual positronium.� It is called virtual only because it is 1-D and not 3 dimensional, but it is �really there� in one sense of the word. For the purposes of this extended �thought� therefore, let us define the proton as NOT a 3-dimensional object at all, not even 2-D, but an object which sits on the edge (or interface) with this 1-space of aether which consists of epos (electron-positron pairs which �overlap� which is to say - as Don Hotson reminds us- that the epo field is also the original and ultimate BEC (Bose Einstein condensate). This is �space� itself - there is no �nothing� in the sense of a lack of the Dirac/BEC - but instead everywhere in the universe there is this background of epos. Yes, ZPE, which we can talk about as if we really had a clue - can be defined as a BEC of epos � but ironically looking like only a single epo. (I realize that others have tried to define the ZPE/ ZPF in such a way that this observation is not valid: they me just add that for these purposes they are wrong ;-) A bare proton, until such time as it is able to attract and electron, and here we are talking about sub-picoseconds time frames, cannot become fully three dimensional, and even then it must attract another atom to become that basic �4 object� with tetrahedral presence. I know this is starting to sound like a blend of mysticism and physics, but so be it. This also becomes a little muddled in the �dynamic sense� because a 1-D object (electron) moving near light speed in an �orbital� will have 2-D properties, so that Helium is fully 3-D even with only two electrons, even if were not for the tetrahedral nucleus. When a proton becomes �temporarily� bare, almost immediately it will attract an electron, and if none is available from 3-space, then one will be forthcoming form the epo field, which will express a local-charge-deficit such that any �real electron� cross over and will fill that deficit. That is a net-neutral transaction most of the time, and happens continually in the quantum-foam of virtual positronium. But lost in the details of normal net-neutrality is that in these �bulk� transactions, where the local disruption is extensive, as with electric arcs - then the 3.4 eV gluon-like particle becomes a victim of the distruption. The ionization potential for positronium is 6.8 eV and two of these particulates are involved in that it seems - they serve the purpose of gluon mediation in order to keep virtual Ps from self-annihilation). Often, in charged plasmas one or several of these particulates can �come-along-for the ride� with the captured electron but are not replaced by at that time. Charge balance will be maintained but not net energy balance. However, energy neutrality can still result, as other photons from 3-space can cross over to maintain a near net-balance of heat � but not always and that is why (in this suggestion) we have reports of �cold electricity� or an actual temperature drop whenever ZPE phenomena is taking place. The Tetrahedron is not only one of the �Platonic� bodies � it may be the most important one of all because it defines the lower limit of 3-space. It has four corners (vertices) and four regular triangles as sides, but these can be bulged out into the tetrahedral sphere. There are three pairs of orthogonal edges; the total number of edges is six. The tetrahedral sphere is the central projection of the tetrahedron onto the surface of the unit sphere. In case of the atomic shell, then the spatial determinants are electrons. They sit at the �corners� of any 3-space tetrahedron. But obviously with Helium there are only two in the atom/molecule so how can they �appear to have �corners�. The key concept here is orthogonal, or two-axis spin. Orthogonal spin, where two orbits are maintained in sync but at 90 degrees is such a neat and complicated (and controversial) subject that I would like to save it for another posting. Let it suffice to say that it may be the key to why: 1)Every single atom in the periodic table, other than hydrogen has this preference for two electrons in the lowest, or k-shell 2)Hydrogen has such a strong preference for the molecular form (so that the two electrons can operate in pseudo-orthogonal form as if it was a single atom. 3)Cooper paring of electrons is the base form of superconductivity and the electrons, despite the incredible electrostatic repulsion are bound. 4)There is evidence that angular momentum is altered, perhaps even neutralized and not conserved in macro-situations of orthogonal spin (gyroscopic anomalies) Anyway, so far as the Moller and other devices go in the coming years, there are some suggestions for possible improvements, that can derive from this viewpoint, even as �raw� and undeveloped as it now stands. What would be the next step in the evolution towards the goal of self-power? 1)Instead fo H2, try a gas mixture consisting of 3 Helium atoms to every two Hydrogen atoms. 2) Determine if tungsten is necessary (it could be a geometric thing with the W interaction which is why it works, but what happens with Ni or Pd instead of W ?) 3)What is the MFP (mean free path) of the ions in the device? Geometry and resonance will play a key role in pushing the COP up to the level where self-power is easier to achieve. 4)Determine if the phenomenon benefits from proximity to a source of radioactivity, particularly a gamma emitter (it should benefit, as this would serve to enhance the time that a proton will remain bare at any given voltage input 5)By far the biggest improvement (and by far the most speculative) relates to QM based suggestion of a temporary tetrahedral structure within the plasma. If this OU effect turns out NOT to be based on a surface interaction with the W electrode, then what one really needs is a proton specific form of energy input � the goal being that when a single H2 molecule is locked into a temporary tetrahedron (even in a plasma!) with three He atoms, then all the QM probability options strong favor those two electrons in the H2 to preserve two axis spin EVEN when one of the protons is temporarily displaced (by a resonant frequency). This will mean that the displaced proton will go to the epo bank and withdraw and electron, and perhaps take along some �interest� in advance (one of the two 3.4 eV particulates) With apologies for the long-winded and not-yet-edited nature of this, and it appears that much progress is being made already, so hopefully the more radical ideas here, like the Papp implementaion will be superfluous. Jones
