Steven,
Coincidental that you should mention "chain-reaction"...
Here is a post I made earlier to the aH forum regarding
pinpointing some of the possible dynamics of the OU process in the
MAHG, which do look like a chain reaction. Remember this is a
device where one-half volt of potential is input. That's right
only .5 volts but with very high current.
I still believe that the ultimate source of excess-energy for this
is the Dirac/Hotson version of ZPE - i.e. that energy which is
derived from the epo field (virtual positronium) - in that sense
it is also a "robust" QM effect - however, getting to the epo
field efficiently, at very low input power, is the key to MAHG.
It is not simple to explain, but it is coming into focus and
semiconductor R&D can offer us a clue as to the dynamics. Given
that the input electrical potential itself is too low to effect
much ionization or dissociation (normally) - how do you get to the
situation where the full energy of nascent hydrogen recombination
is available?
Consider these facts:
1) the tube wall is the anode
2) the tube wall is sputtered with active material
3) the tube wall must be kept cool
4) a low duty pulse rate is far superior; DC will not work at all
5) there is a reverse economy of scale, re: the in COP vs. P-out
ratio
6) an extremely low voltage, too low for "normal" ionization is
employed
7) a large flux of ballistic electrons is being created at
"impossible" low potentials
What does this all mean? Well it could mean that, on the tube wall
itself, at the interface when an impinging H2- virtual-ion appears
(or real molecular ion - to be explained below), that what is know
as **impact ionization** is capable of converting a virtual
molecular ion into a real atomic ion - so the full recombination
energy is available following anode impact - following which -
this energy in the form of UV photons, is what is allowing further
secondary "real" ionization, which in turn permits the impossibly
high ballistic electron flux. It becomes a limited chain-reaction
(or self-catalyzing) situation.
I hope that I am not "dumbing-down" this attempted verbalization
(to follow) too far - and realizing that George and others are
specialist in this, maybe someone will chime-in with - and offer a
more carefully worded explication. Impact ionization has been
studied in semiconductors where the low voltage impact ionization
in deep submicrometer MOSFETs creates actual ions at activation
energy too low for any theoretical model to provide "real"
ionization. These studies indicates that the main driving force of
impact ionization changes from the electric field to the lattice
temperature, with power scaling below 1.2V. IOW the terahertz
photons of the lattice (in a COHERENCY range) can become a
cumulative driving force for ionization, but only within that
narrow range. Thus the need for temperature stability.
This transition of driving force results in a sub-bandgap drain
bias in semi-conductors but in the MAHG, where the "hot carrier"
is a hydrogen molecule carrier with a temporarily attached
electron (or two), impact ionization is able to convert the
molecule into one or more temporarily buried protons - which
undergo the full transition back to molecular hydrogen, and are
capable of the full 13.6 eV energy gain each - this is similar to
a Mills' energy hole - but all the while NEVER actually becoming a
hydrino - as Mills define it.
Fred Sparber and I have been discussing some of this in its many
incarnations. He believes that external electrons interacts with
H2 to actually disrupt the H-H bond into a neutral H atom (as in
the Langmuir explication) and this is due to the strong 0.75 eV
*Electron Affinity* of the H atom (the Electron Affinity of
atoms/molecules are posted in the CRC "Bible") ; and that
additionally an H- anion which can catalyze other
molecule-splitting reactions as they drift to the cold-conductive
wall. I don't see this happening in this way, as the potential is
too low, but the electron affinity is definitely there, so what
could be happening?
It has been long-known that there is a whole series of anomalies
with negative hydrogen molecular ions that are totally different
with regard to molecular positive ions (which are more "by the
book") - something this goes way beyond the 0.75 eV electron
affinity. Without going into the details (as this is just a flash
of inspiration) - I see no good reason why the very light and
mobile H2 molecule cannot become a "virtual ion" at far less than
the normal ionization energy. That is - here we have cold
half-volt electrons on the cathode. These are not "hot" enough to
form true longer lived ions, but they can still "hitch a ride" off
the cathode, with far less than the normal voltage require to
produce ballistic electrons - which would normally be in the 30-60
volt range at these kinds of currents. Of course after enough
"secondary" UV emission has been set up in the tube, then real
ions will form, and the process becomes more normal. Is that too
far out - that virtual ions form impact ions which recombine to
give UV photons which then form real ions? ... kind of a
non-homogenous chain reaction?
Well the whole thing needs more careful wording and I will work on
that (not to mention, hoping that my spell-checker decides to
kick-in this time). I can only hope in a situation like this -
where an exciting new experiment shifts expectations to the state
where expediency now trumps exactitude, that the thoughts and
speculation expressed are not held to too high a standard -as they
are offered only as building blocks for immediate improvement.
Jones
