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Here is further elaboration of specific MAHG
analytical details - which tend to support the hypothesis that the
operative OU rationale relates to ortho-para hydrogen, and the rapidly
alternating but asymmetric conversion of the two isomers catalytically. The end
result being the coherence of ZPE energy at the frequency of the CMB.
You may or may not have made the connection that the extra energy which stored in ortho-hydrogen (which at the 300K level amounts to 75% of total molecules) is exactly equal to the energy per molecule of a photon of 21 cm wavelength (1.43 GHz). This is not a large amount of energy (as the oft-quote "3 degrees K" of temperature indicates) - but it is cumulative when confined and not much less than what you reheated your coffee with this morning. The "flip" of isomeric spin is one of the actual sources of the CMB (there are others), but the "cause" of the flip is (arguably) ZPE itself, although many will question that assertion. This energy resource is not large in our 3-space, but it is enormous in 4-space and can account to a fair fraction of the so-called "dark" energy - if it is uniform through out the universe (as expected), rather than located just at the far extremes. The fact that CMB is present at all in our local environment, despite it being non-3-spatial, is important. It is the one and only ZPE frequency which is measurable as an independent energy resource. The suggestion being that to tap into it, it is first necessary to provide an "interdimensional" gateway, but this need not be something exotic. If the tiny geometry known as the "Fermi" is the threshold to another dimension, as theoreticians have been claiming for 50 years (FPU theory), then the proton is the only massive particle in the periodic table which can serve as such a gateway - even deuterium may be getting too large. To accomplish this, one provides resonant H2
in a kind of "enticement" motion, so that the lossless inelastic collisions
provide the entrance point for an "extra" energy component. Without getting too
anthropomorphic, this inherent *collision rate* becomes the
cosmic-hula-belly-go-go dance for ZPE. Ok, that is getting too anthropomorphic,
but it does provide a good analogy for the males of the species.
In order to determine an exact average collision
rate of a gas with the containment walls, or with each other, a detailed
analysis using integral calculus can to be carried out. However, we can estimate
the collision rate in a simpler way which considers the number of particles, the
volume, and the velocity of particles - this being related to Graham's Law of
Effusion,
http://www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/honors.chem/lectures/lecture_9/node3.html The Lennard-Jones Potential is also important to ZPE coherence, as Puthoff suggests: When molecules are driven into close proximity, such that the
Lennard-Jones Potential goes beyond the negative minimum "well" - this seems to
be where the ZPE extraction, or the Schwinger-Feynman-Tomanaga "borrowing of
energy from the vacuum" by the Electromagnetic Interaction; dE = hbar/dt
takes place resulting in O/U effects. Colleagues like Fred Sparber think this
alone is the MAHG energy source, but I do not see the necessary asymmetry here
which would make it non-conservative (which asymmetry is easier to argue in the
QM situation of the ortho-para isomer).
Getting back to earth, this could indicate that the best method by far to "prime" this ZPE pump, is to employ the same 21 cm 1.42 GHz microwave radiation which you are trying to entice to cross dimensions, so to speak. This frequency is associated with hydrogen, of course, but that could actually be "secondary" in that it is primarily a relic of ZPE and hydrogen just happens to be the most common element, but at any rate - it is the frequency which we are trying to cohere. Therefore, assuming the gateway is narrow (or else this mechanism would have been noticed previously) we must keep everything resonant and within a narrow range so that the actual collision rate is optimum once the operating temperature has been reached, and remains unchanged thereafter. We are hoping that for every unit of input, to get 20 or more times the output. If the collision rate somehow coheres considerably more of this frequency than does the input, then OU will materialize, and though 20-1 seems high, there are indications that the actual ratio is unlimited insofar as a "chain reaction" would not be impossible, with a large enough container. But then again, one could not cool that container fast enough - so what we are left with is probably a very narrow regime. And one might add - a serendipitous discovery (should any of this rambling prove accurate). If the Moller tube is showing OU my best guess is that this is isomeric
shuttle is what is happening, but in more complicated technique than is
necessary, since the original experiment was designed for something else
entirely. At any rate, there are some easy ways to test parts of this
hypothesis, and plans are being made to do that, even without going to a
replication of the whole Naudin experiment.
In trying to get a handle on ortho-para hydrogen thermodynamic processes we have good numbers derived for H2 liquefaction: This task particular takes 11.8 MJ/kg (to liquefy) without ortho/para conversion, but with ortho/para conversion the theoretical requirement minimum increases to 14.1 MJ/kg for hydrogen liquid. This indicates that 2.3 MJ/kg heat of isomeric conversion, however, this appears to be an average which varies by temperature. Another reference, NBS Monograph 168, "Selected Properties of Hydrogen," McCarty et al. gives the figures of about 520 J/g below 75K, but about 25 J/g at 300K. However that is only part of the story. The next problem is that this is a "one-time" figure, and if you have a high collision rate, then the grams present is multiplied by the rate - but not the actual collision instead but the collision rate resulting in isomeric change. IOW we can only guesstimate. For there to be an asymmetry, of course, the exothermic change must be kinetic while the following endothermic reversion to ortho is not "exactly" a thermal process but instead is an EM realignment, based on QED considerations. That is where quantum spin comes in, and the EM induced spin wave which can be thought of as another kind of nonthermal catalysis. In the absolute ground state of para-hydrogen there is no orbital angular momentum (its an s-state) and the spin of the electron and proton are anti-aligned so that the hydrogen atom in its ground state is a spin zero object. This indicates that a variable EM field alone may be sufficient without any real "collision" to change ("pump") the isomeric state back to ortho. Why wouldn't this be conservative one may ask? That is where the "leap of
faith" comes in -involving ZPE and the hypothetical gateway to CMB (but in a
more robust intensity than we have yet been able to prove). I want to highlight
the weak links in this argument, in advance, so that it can be probed around the
edges - which I think is possible with some minimal experimentation.
To clear up one other misconception about a QM process that may be involved at the wall interface, let's look at the BEC. Two fermions make a boson and also two bosons make a boson. A fermion and a boson make a fermion. The hydrogen atom is a boson because it's made of two fermions, a proton and an electron. The hydrogen molecule, H2, is a boson because it's made of two bosons. The molecule can be given angular momentum from a photon, but that can only change the angular momentum by multiples of one, so it's still a boson. Deuterium OTOH is a fermion because it's made of three fermions, a proton, a neutron, and an electron. The D2 molecule is a boson because it's made of two fermions. The HD molecule is a fermion. When cooled to very low temperature, pure hydrogen or deuterium form a super fluid which indicates that the molecules condense into a single ground state and therefore form a Bose-Einstein condensate. HD will interfere with this. More on that later. But the concept to keep in mind, if there is a link to the BEC is that pressure, in the sense of containment within a metal lattice (wall interface), is an entropy substitute for low temperature - in that the same lowering of degrees of freedom can occur in a "warm" lattice which give the effect of very low temperature. Normally the conversion from para-hydrogen to ortho purely by thermal collisions at normal temperatures and pressures is pretty slow (years in fact). It is easily confirmed that para-H2 will 'keep' for days without catalysis. In practice kinetic conversion occurs mainly by hydrogen atom exchange between two H2 molecules. Some substrates produce para-H2 rather than the equilibrium mix and some orthohydrogen.. The situation is similar for D2 gas, except that the ortho-D2 is the one that predominates at low temperatures. Of all the catalysts that are effective in the all important exothermic
reaction, iron oxide is the best discovered so far. However, for this
speculation to be valid for MAHG, it must be assumed that sputtered tungsten is
also effective - but that may only be in the situation where the H2 molecule is
actually absorbed into the metal lattice (temporarily). The catalyst action
will increase the conversion speed but not the energy. The rate of increase
has not been determined, but in similar situations, increases in the rate of
reaction have been seen on the order of 10e9 or greater. This is another weak
point in the hypothesis which needs to be pinned down - the rate of catalysis
and whether actually absorption is necessary. Perhaps in this situation
sputtered tungsten is better than iron oxide, due to absorption.
I have a lot on information on this in the draft stages, but this should be enough for now - to get any interested observers thinking and looking for more holes and alternative hypotheses. I would suggest that ultimately, if we become more comfortable with the Naudin measurements, that it will become clearer that the device is NOT operating as planned, as an atomic hydrogen type of device, as there is really no asymmetry there. And in order to optimize it, it will still be necessary to determine what the "real" source of the excess energy is. This may or may not be isomeric molecular hydrogen - that is very unclear also, but at least this and other attempted forays may have laid the groundwork for finding a "possible" QM-related asymmetry - once more is known. Jones
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