The Standard Model has worked beautifully to predict what high energy experiments have shown so far about the basic building blocks of matter, but just about all physicists recognize that it is incomplete.
This backbone theory requires new particles to solve a major problem with the Standard Model – fixing the mass of the Higgs boson. If the theory is correct, current physics says that supersymmetric particles should appear in collisions at the LHC. So now Supersymmetry (SUSY) is required make or break extension of the Standard Model that aims to fill those nasty theoretical gaps. SYSY now predicts a partner particle for each particle in the Standard Model. In its early days, the Standard Model seemed to predict that all particles should be massless, an idea at odds with what we observe around us. So theorists have come up with a mechanism to give particles masses that requires the existence of a new particle, the Higgs boson. However, it is a puzzle why the Higgs boson should be so light, as interactions between it and Standard-Model particles would tend to make it very heavy. The extra force carrying particles(Bosons) predicted by supersymmetry would cancel out the contributions to the Higgs mass from their Standard-Model partners, making a light Higgs boson possible. The new particles would interact through the same forces as Standard-Model particles, but they would have different masses. But most importantly, supersymmetric particles would unite electromagnetism, the strong and weak nuclear forces to form a new fundamental force all at the exact same strength at very high energies, as in the early universe. A theory that unites the forces mathematically is called a grand unified theory, a dream of physicists including Einstein. Supersymmetry would also link the two different classes of particles known as fermions and bosons. Particles like those in the Standard Model are classified as fermions or bosons based on a property known as spin. Fermions all have half of a unit of spin, while the bosons have 0, 1 or 2 units of spin. Supersymmetry predicts that each of the particles in the Standard Model has a partner with a spin that differs by half of a unit. So bosons are accompanied by fermions and vice versa. Linked to their differences in spin are differences in their collective properties. Fermions are very standoffish; every one must be in a quantum different state. On the other hand, bosons are very clannish; they prefer to be in the same state. Fermions and bosons seem as different as could be, yet supersymmetry brings the two types together. Finally, in many theories scientists predict the lightest supersymmetric particle to be stable and electrically neutral and to interact weakly with the particles of the Standard Model. These are exactly the characteristics required for dark matter, thought to make up most of the matter in the universe and to hold galaxies together. The cosmological constant that we have now also requires a boson that has a very small mass. Physics have not found this cosmological constant particle yet even though its mass range would be easily detected in any modern particle accelerator. The Standard Model alone does not provide an explanation for dark matter. Supersymmetry is a framework that builds upon the Standard Model’s strong foundation to create a more comprehensive picture of our world. Perhaps the reason we still have some of these questions about the inner workings of the universe is because we have so far only seen half of the picture. CERN and the remainder of standard science is ignoring LENR to their great peril and pain. Here is their dilemma in a nutshell. The May issue of Scientific American has a very good cover story by Joe Lykken and Maria Spiropulu, entitled Supersymmetry and the Crisis in Physics Here are some excerpts: "It is not an exaggeration to say that most of the world’s particle physicists believe that supersymmetry must be true—the theory is that compelling. These physicists’ long-term hope has been that the LHC would finally discover these superpartners, providing hard evidence that supersymmetry is a real description of the universe… Indeed, results from the first run of the LHC have ruled out almost all the best-studied versions of supersymmetry. The negative results are beginning to produce if not a full-blown crisis in particle physics, then at least a widespread panic. The LHC will be starting its next run in early 2015, at the highest energies it was designed for, allowing researchers at the ATLAS and CMS experiments to uncover (or rule out) even more massive superpartners. If at the end of that run nothing new shows up, fundamental physics will face a crossroads: either abandon the work of a generation for want of evidence that nature plays by our rules, or press on and hope that an even larger collider will someday, somewhere, find evidence that we were right all along… During a talk at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, Nima Arkani-Hamed, a physicist at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., paced to and fro in front of the blackboard, addressing a packed room about the future of supersymmetry. What if supersymmetry is not found at the LHC, he asked, before answering his own question: then we will make new supersymmetry models that put the superpartners just beyond the reach of the experiments. But wouldn’t that mean that we would be changing our story? That’s okay; theorists don’t need to be consistent—only their theories do. This unshakable fidelity to supersymmetry is widely shared. Particle theorists do admit, however, that the idea of natural supersymmetry is already in trouble and is headed for the dustbin of history unless superpartners are discovered soon…" The authors go on to describe possible responses to this crisis. One is the multiverse, which they contrast to supersymmetry as not providing an answer to why the SM parameters are what they are, although this isn’t something that supersymmetry ever was able to do. Another is large extra dimensions as in Randall-Sundrum, but that’s also something the LHC is not finding, with few ever thinking it would. Finally there’s the “dimensional transmutation” idea about the Higgs. If this approach is to keep the useful virtual particle effects while avoiding the disastrous ones—a role otherwise played by supersymmetry—we will have to abandon popular speculations about how the laws of physics may become unified at superhigh energies. It also makes the long-sought connection between quantum mechanics and general relativity even more mysterious. Yet the approach has other advantages. Such models can generate mass for dark matter particles. They also predict that dark matter interacts with ordinary matter via a force mediated by the Higgs boson. This dramatic prediction will be tested over the next few years both at the LHC and in underground dark matter detection experiments. A report from the APS spring meeting includes the following about Spiropulu’s talk there: Supersymmetry and dark matter have become so important to particle physicists that “we have cornered ourselves experimentally,” said Spiropulu. If neither is detected in the next few years, radical new ideas will be required. Spiropulu compared the situation to the era before 1905, when the concept of ether as the medium for all electromagnetic waves could not be verified. Thier conceptual ROAD BLOCK is LENR. It is joyful to see particle physics and Cosmologists squirm. Condensed matter and nano physics have discovered that light and matter can come together because of the duality of particles and waves. These hybrid waveforms called polaritons are bosons. They form under special conditions when the energies of the particles and photons merge together under special plasmonic engineering at the same energy. They can be nearly massless in their ground state or become massive as they gain energy as a collective soliton forms. Polaritons are an ideal candidate for the SUSY particles. The energy needed to unite electromagnetism, the strong and weak nuclear forces into a primordial fundamental force all at the exact same strength. This force may not need be at very high energies if the nearly massless electron polariton is involved or the super massive dark mode polariton that involves protons may supply all that energy needed to get to all the forces of nature unified. The many miracles of LENR point to the operation of a single all purpose fundamental unified force at work in many types of LENR experiments and transmutations. Why is physics ignoring this wonderful clue about how the universe works? On Tue, Feb 10, 2015 at 12:41 PM, Peter Gluck <[email protected]> wrote: > I have published: > > > http://egooutpeters.blogspot.ro/2015/02/the-lenr-djinn-is-in-bottle-keep-him.html > > It is about disputes helping LENR+ by Doug Marker and me, about > how to keep the LENR djinn in his bottle and about daily news. > We need more and better LENR news. > Peter > > -- > Dr. Peter Gluck > Cluj, Romania > http://egooutpeters.blogspot.com >
