Because Hawking radiation may be a part of LENR, the Unruh effect is something one must know to understand LENR fully.
On Fri, Oct 30, 2015 at 4:53 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unruh_effect > > Particles are relative > > Unruh demonstrated theoretically that the notion of vacuum depends on the > path of the observer through spacetime. From the viewpoint of the > accelerating observer, the vacuum of the inertial observer will look like a > state containing many particles in thermal equilibrium—a warm gas. > > Although the Unruh effect would initially be perceived as > counter-intuitive, it makes sense if the word vacuum is interpreted in a > specific way. > > In modern terms, the concept of "vacuum" is not the same as "empty space": > space is filled with the quantized fields that make up theuniverse. Vacuum > is simply the lowest possible energy state of these fields. > > The energy states of any quantized field are defined by the Hamiltonian, > based on local conditions, including the time coordinate. According to > special relativity, two observers moving relative to each other must use > different time coordinates. If those observers are accelerating, there may > be no shared coordinate system. Hence, the observers will see different > quantum states and thus different vacua. > > In some cases, the vacuum of one observer is not even in the space of > quantum states of the other. In technical terms, this comes about because > the two vacua lead to unitarily inequivalent representations of the quantum > field canonical commutation relations. This is because two mutually > accelerating observers may not be able to find a globally defined > coordinate transformation relating their coordinate choices. > > An accelerating observer will perceive an apparent event horizon forming > (see Rindler spacetime). The existence of Unruh radiation could be linked > to this apparent event horizon, putting it in the same conceptual framework > as Hawking radiation. On the other hand, the theory of the Unruh effect > explains that the definition of what constitutes a "particle" depends on > the state of motion of the observer. > > The free field needs to be decomposed into positive and negative frequency > components before defining the creation and annihilation operators. This > can only be done in spacetimes with a timelike Killing vector field. This > decomposition happens to be different in Cartesianand Rindler coordinates > (although the two are related by a Bogoliubov transformation). This > explains why the "particle numbers", which are defined in terms of the > creation and annihilation operators, are different in both coordinates. > > The Rindler spacetime has a horizon, and locally any non-extremal black > hole horizon is Rindler. So the Rindler spacetime gives the local > properties of black holes and cosmological horizons. The Unruh effect would > then be the near-horizon form of the Hawking radiation. >
