The Papp engine produced excess electrons and that system used XUV EMF to stimulate the LENR reaction. The Papp engine used special electrodes called hollow screw threaded closeable buckets which contained an alpha emitter in a cavity like radioactive radium or thorium, where a electric arc greatly stimulated the alpha emitter. The excess electrons produced by the XUV based reaction were attracted to highly ionized positively charged buckets. This technology was used in the 1930's for lightning rods where Papp pick its up its use from.
http://www.pittas.gr/en/pages/services/radioactive-lightning-rod-removal/ <Snip> Since 1975 and under license from the Greek Atomic Energy Commission, installing radioactive lightning conductors was allowed. The lightning rod’s head had radioactive isotopes Am-241 or Ra-226. The intensive ionization of air around the rod’s head caused by the charged particles, created an attractive pole for lightning. Depending on the amount of radioactivity in the head – in μCi – the protection radius was determined from R = 50 to 400 meters. <EndSnp> The Papp engine that was self powered by recycling overunity electrons produced by the XUV LENR reaction. To see how this all works, look at starting at 21:10 of the video below. Watch the motor in the background driven by the feedback current gathered by the electrons gathered by the thorium filled buckets. During firing, the motor has a spinning white circular disk on it with four holes placed around the edge that allows you to see the disk in motion. Bob Rohner still uses buchet electrodes to gather excess electrons but he still uses noble gases to produce the reaction. IMHO, deuterium is far better. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zWJNyoFgJM Holmlid also uses XUV and deuterium that produces K-mesons which eventually decay to electrons. It seems like XUV based high energy LENR reactions produce excess electrons. IMHO, Rossi is using the XUV high energy LENR reactions in the E-Cat X to also produced excess electrons.
