more... http://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.1374.pdf
Monopole catalysis of proton decay The possibility that a GUT monopole could catalyse a baryon number violating process was suggested as early as 1980 [117]. The central core of a GUT monopole retains the original symmetry and contains the fields of the superheavy gauge bosons that mediate baryon number violation. Within this core the forces of the universe are still indistinguishable from one another and the quarks and their leptons are, in this domain, the same particles. Thus, it is not unreasonable to expect that baryon number conservation could be violated in baryon-monopole scattering. However, it was originally thought that the cross section of this process would be of the order of the tiny geometrical cross section of the monopole core (∼ 10−58 cm2 ). Figure 1: A depiction of a proton decay into a positron and a neutral pion catalysed by a GUT monopole. Later studies by Rubakov [118, 119] and Callan [120, 121] concluded that these processes are not suppressed by powers of the gauge boson mass. Instead, catalysis processes such as p + Monopole→e + + π 0 , pictured in Fig. 1, could have strong interaction rates. An explanation for a potentially large monopole catalysis cross section is the following. The monopole core should be surrounded by a fermion-antifermion condensate. Some of the condensate will have baryon number violating terms extending up to the confinement region. The increase in size of this region gives rise to the essentially geometric cross-section: σBβ ∼ 10−27 cm2 , where β = v/c. However, there are theoretical uncertainties in this arena and it is not certain that strong catalysis is a general feature of all GUT theories. It may be that catalysis does occur but at considerably lower rates, as is discussed elsewhere [122, 123]. For example, it has been proposed [123, 124] that the monopole catalysis cross section could have a 1/β 2 -dependence: σ ∼ (1 GeV)−2/β2 , at least for sufficiently low monopole-proton relative velocities. It should also be noted that intermediate mass monopoles arising at later stages of symmetry breaking, such as the doubly charged monopoles of the SO(10) theory, do not catalyse baryon number violation. On Mon, Dec 14, 2015 at 9:53 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > More... > > [image: Inline image 1] > > [image: Inline image 2] > > On Mon, Dec 14, 2015 at 9:48 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > >> >> >> On Mon, Dec 14, 2015 at 9:11 PM, <[email protected]> wrote: >> >>> I >>> This implies >>> lots of neutrons, and lots of T neither of which are seen to any great >>> extent. >>> >>> As you know, quarks are monopoles, Quarks make up protons. When a >> proton is exposed to a monopole magnetic field, it will decay. >> >> >> http://physics.princeton.edu/~mcdonald/examples/EP/rubakov_rpp_51_189_88.pdf >> >> Monopole catalysis of proton decay >> >> Because Holmlid is seeing mesons, this a strong indicator that an Exotic >> Neutral Particle is producing a monopole field to disrupt protons. >> >> >
