Hi, ((me*c^2)/alpha)*2)-me*c^2=139.54 MeV
Stack 1/alpha toroidal electrons into a cylinder, itself wrapped into a torus, with a charge of -1. Bind two such together and remove a single electron, and you end up with a pion. Now what if the externally measured charge largely self cancels when the cylinder is wrapped into a torus? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://users.bigpond.net.au/rvanspaa/ Competition provides the motivation, Cooperation provides the means.
