With respect to the Metal-Electrolyte Interface in electrolysis cells.
6.0 millivolts potential across ~2.0e-9 meters Helmholtz Layer is 3.0 million volts/meter
but the energy density at 0.5 microfarads per square meter capacitance
W = 1/2 CV^2 = 9.0e-6 joules/2.0e-9 meters = 4,500 joules per cubic meter.
Enough to make the Joe Cell as interesting as Pons & Fleischmann's
"exploding CF Cell that blew a hole in the concrete floor".
Fred.
"The double layer is formed in order to neutralize the charged surface and, in turn, causes an electrokinetic potential between the surface and any point in the mass of the suspending liquid. This voltage difference is on the order of millivolts and is referred to as the surface potential. The magnitude of the surface potential is related to the surface charge and the thickness of the double layer. As we leave the surface, the potential drops off roughly linearly in the Stern layer and then exponentially through the diffuse layer, approaching zero at the imaginary boundary of the double layer"
Surface Plasmons (SPs):
"2) SPs were widely recognized in the field of surface science following the pioneering work of Ritchie in the 1950s (1). SPs are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor, usually a metal, and are essentially light waves that are trapped on the surface because of their interaction with the free electrons of the conductor (strictly speaking, they should be called surface plasmon polaritons to reflect this hybrid nature(2)). In this interaction, the free electrons respond collectively by oscillating in resonance with the light wave. The resonant interaction between the surface charge oscillation and the electromagnetic field of the light constitutes the SP and gives rise to its unique properties."
