One of the more important factoids not yet covered by "Wiki" (the
'expert-on-everything' online-resource) at least not covered
specifically, is the "cavity diode" ... (working on it).
You will get over 50,000 hits on google for this - and for
vortexians, this could be an important subject (wrt: energy and
thermodynamics) in that it is a cross-over area between EM waves,
photons, and solid matter vibrational energy (phonon or sound
waves). If ZPE can ever be harnessed, in such things as Casimir
micromachines (Valone has mention of these in his book), or
hydrogen-bond breaking, then it will probably involve this
spectrum of overlap.
In a related arena - and considering the amount of attention given
to HTSC (high temperature superconducting) materials - which have
zero electrical resistance to DC (but not to AC) ; it is
surprising that the property usually called "Negative Resistance"
is so little studied. It almost always involves cavities of some
type.
Part of the problem is that it is a misnomer - and should be
called Negative Differential Resistance, as the phenomenon is
active over only a limited range. On either side of the range,
normal resistance takes hold - so nobody has really been able to
capitalize on the phenomenon for significant "free-energy". The
negative range is always above ground, so to speak, as the image
on this page demonstrates:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunn_diode
Devices exploiting this effect - and it is the prototypical
"resonance effect" - are used in amplifiers and oscillators,
mostly in the microwave to terahertz frequency range, which lies
between conventional RF electronics and infrared optics. It is a
most exciting spectrum for the proponents of alternative energy,
as mentioned - as it is the only range in nature where there can
be significant overlap of robust photon and phonon vibrational
frequencies - which may or may not be fully conservative when
linked together at Casimir dimensions. And in general, photons in
the IR range are "free" insofar as they are the "blackbody
radiation" of low grade heat, even ambient heat.
One need not even seek to harness ZPE, or LENR, or the hydrino, or
other exotic modalities IF one can convert low grade heat
efficiently. That is why the overblown announcements from a few
companies, who have claimed for years to have made efficient
thermoelectric devices, are so insidious. These companies have
been raising investment funds over the internet for years, with
little to show but vacuous promises. Not even a single testable
prototype has been shown to the public. All bark and no bite.
However there is also reliable evidence that this can be done on a
very small scale. In a special type of cavity thermal diode, heat
causes electrons to flow from one semiconductor layer to another
with a very short "hop" across a vacuum. The device could operate
at about 18-20 percent efficiency with a low grade heat source.
Yan Kucherov, chief scientist at Eneco, Inc. who are the same
folks who once owned the P&F cold fusion patent, before letting it
lapse, are the focus of attention on this one too.
http://www.eneco-usa.com/tech_science.html
The diodes also have the potential to be more efficient. "We
should be able to improve the existing devices to 20 to 23 percent
efficiency" ... Kucherov claimed 5 years ago (compared to the 5%
of normal thermoelectrics) :
http://www.trnmag.com/Stories/2001/121901/Chips_turn_more_heat_to_power_121901.html
...but... hello Yan, where is your prototype? Can Yan cook ? <g>
with all those millions invested (or is that an exaggeration) ?
[You have to appreciate Chinese cuisine - to get that attempted
Pun Chun <g^2> ]
Anyway, assuming that this 'easy solution' to the energy crisis
(efficient thermal diode) does not emerge from the Lab soon, there
are other materials and techniques, using cavities as the
'sine-qua-non,' which can exhibit a short range of negative
resistance and a one-way diode effect: IMPATT diodes and
especially the Gunn diode. Here is some more info in this
important device - which when combined with a "cavity" of exactly
the wavelength being sought - can provide both coherency and very
high efficiency.
http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/data/semicond/gunndiode/gunndiode.php
There is the potential here to go beyond even thermal diodes if
one can arrange everything into a both a negative energy regime
and with near coherency in the heat source.
Normally, in order to get 'coherency,' one must sacrifice
efficiency or vice versa, and indeed high output lasers, in
general, despite their energy-density - are extremely inefficient.
That was before microlithography allowed us to make cavities small
enough for semiconductor lasers.
In a subsequent post to vortex ... err... unless the sci-police
crack down on such speculation, I will attempt to tie-together the
importance of the *cavity diode* into three previous posts - all
relevant to the possibility of the impossible: water-fuel.
Those other posts involve:
1) the surface bubble effect (i.e. "tiny bubbles") ...
...and for those too-dense to get-it, a 'bubble' is by definition
a cavity - and if uniform bubbles are formed near an electrode,
then the stage is set for a "natural" Gunn-type diode, based on
the geometric size of the bubbles. If this sounds like
sonoluminescence, it should.
2) the possibility that a "natural" (solar derived), negatively
charged, nucleating agent - which may exist in some types of water
3) the possibility that this agent is the Mills hydrino, but
solar-derived -
4) the possibility that all of these things [in one complicated]
package can explain the ever-increasing anecdotal reports of
automotive ICEs running (a least partly) on electrolyzed water:
i.e. waterfuel.
At least, by attempting to tie together a number of shorter
postings, related to what must be overall the most complicated
simple-subject of all time [waterfuel] I am making a concerted
effort to break up long boring posts into something more
manageable... [short boring posts?] ... now, if only I could
resist the temptation to toss in an awful pun, ever now and again.
Jones
