Can't figure why some try to wing it and omit the link that tells you something drawn from the major league genius of the 19th and 20th centuries..
http://www2.ijs.si/~kkocevar/skripta.pdf 3.1 Interactions between molecules 3.1.1 Coulomb interactions: Born solvation energy of an ion >Equations in here< "The Born energy of ions in water is usually quite large. For example: The change of free energy by transferring 1 mole of anions and cations from vacuum to water is (assuming a = 0.14 nm) is -1000 kJmol-1." Concievably the"Bubble" could be the void space surrounding the hydrated ions. Any reason that these pulled from the Joe Cell can't dump megajoules of energy in the ICE cylinder? Fred > [Original Message] > From: Grimer > > At 08:40 am 13/07/2006 -0700, Jones wrote: > > >----- Original Message ----- > >From: Frederick Sparber > > > > > > A fundamental law? > > Energy is inversely proportional to radius? > > > > > > Certainly true regarding photon wavelength > > > > - plus - Prof. Casimir sez: as you go smaller > > and smaller in dimensions, then the increase > > turns from cubic to fourth-power, > > therefore ... one might suppose - that this > > threshold of about 100 nm is (hypothetically) > > the real advantage of a nanobubble over a > > microbubble ? > > > > Jones > > > > The sequence of fourth powers of integers goes: > > 1, 16, 81, 256, 625, 1296, 2401, 4096, 6561, 10000, > > > > > That would be true for the solid vapour drop between > 100° and the critical temperature but because vapour > is a spherical shell between 0° and 100° I believe > it should be an eighth power. > > The sequence for eighth powers of integers one to ten goes: > 1 - 256 - 6,561 - 65,536 - 390,625 - .......... 100,000,000 > > which means its potential energy would increase by a factor > of 100 million. 8-) > > %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% > > Since I wrote the above (which got bounced) I see that Fred > is up to a sixth and seventh power - but let's not make an > issue of it. The essential thing is that it is the > equivalent of the adiabatic branches in the Alpha- > atmosphere Carnot cycle. One might say that the "power" > compression is the..... > > ================================================= > et aliud cecidit in terram bonam et dabat fructum > ascendentem et crescentem et adferebat unum > triginta et unum sexaginta et unum centum > ================================================= > > I now realise that Jones is the one who has really got > the tiger by the tail in his recognition that as the > scale decreases we meet with a discontinuity in behavior. > > Let's call it the Casimir phase boundary - > or better still the Caspar boundary. <g> > > I must confess that in the discussion on the Yahoo site > I was still thinking in terms of the working fluid inside > the bubble being a gas - Jones was racing ahead and I > hadn't managed to catch up. > > But I now see that the enormous change is scale means that > we have crossed the boundary from a gas to a plasma of some > kind. We have crossed a change in state boundary and the > working fluid of the quasi-Carnot cycle is a Beta-atmosphere > gas. Let's assume it is an exciton gas for now. > > As I have pointed out elsewhere one can go round the A-atm. > Carnot cycle either by changing the space variable [switching > insulation] or by changing the time variable [slow compression- > expansion equals isothermal.....fast compression-expansion > equals adiabatic]. > > Now assuming that the "conditioning" of the water that the > enthusiasts seem to go on about has a real effect, it's not > difficult to recognise what this represents in terms of a > Beta-atmosphere exciton gas quasi-Carnot cycle. > > Conditioning has to be the equivalent of the slow isothermal > arms of the Alpha-atmosphere Carnot. > > Have I caught up yet, Jones. 8-) > > Cheers, > > Frank > > ===================================== > [Caspar] > Frankincense to offer have I, > incense owns a Deity nigh > Prayer and praising, all men raising, > Worship Him, God most high. > ===================================== > > > >
