A hydrino connection ? One more thought on a hypothetical active "mechanism" in superthermite - and other reactions which can produce more energy than what should be possible in the chemical reaction of valence electrons.
This has been called a "supra-chemical" reaction, since the normal definition of "chemical reaction" generally only goes to the valence electrons. There are a few exceptions in normal chemistry but none where the energy involved cannot be recovered from the reaction itself. The exceptions: for which there is some tenuous proof in the literature are found in Mills CQM and in the reports about superthermite (and possibly a few other ballotechnics ). An oxygen molecule usually takes electrons rather than gives them, but it can provide a net enthalpy of a multiple of that of the 13.6 eV (1/2-Hartree) potential energy of the hydrogen atom by two alternative reactions (if not three). The bond energy of the oxygen molecule is 5.165 eV, and the first through the third ionization energies (IP) of an oxygen atom are 13.62 eV, 35.12 eV, and 54.9 eV, respectively. Iron, as it so-happens has almost the identical value of 54.8 eV enthalpy with its IP4. Arguably, iron oxide can release two oxygen ions, somewhat resonantly with oxygen and with this particular value, which is also seen in Helium - and in the process, EUV photons are released. Since hydrogen, helium, iron and oxygen the four most abundant atoms around, all share the double Hartree mass-energy level somewhere, there must be something going one resonantly, and possibly semi-coherently which operates "like a chain reaction" in the explosiveness of superthermite. In the Mills version of suprachemistry - oxygen as a catalysts can shrink [ground state hydrogen] more than one level at a time but O++ is normally rare since it is formed at very high temperatures or extreme conditions . However, with superthermite - the same positive ion O++ must be the active instrument of energy release, since there is no hydrogen (so far as we know). But even in Mills CQM when oxygen is active, if I am not mistaken, - it is the O++ catalyst and not the hydrino, which emits the excess energy. ERGO one might ask this pregnant question: ... in the superthermite reaction, where aluminum appears to "steal" two oxygen ions from iron oxide - and the result is an apparent 2xHartree energy gain - is this some kind of redundant ground state but hydrino-less reaction which involves oxygen, not hydrogen, facilitating the exchange by appearing to have a reduced orbital ? ...and/or is the Dirac sea providing "virtual protons" as some kind of an intermediary to facilitate the transfer? Most bizarre. No time to say "Hello" / Goodbye ----- Original Message ---- The pool of tears .... wonderland-style: Ok the following may be venturing way down into the rabbitt hole of Alice, so it is worth prefeacing these remarks as being generally unrelated to the prior discussion about thermite - such as used in demolition. Question to the Cheshire Cat: What do the most lethal weapons in the US arsena have in common - i.e. such as "cave-buster bomb" which has up to 10 time the detonation force per pound as conventional bombs (such as the older "daisy cutter" or MOAB mother of all bombs)? Answer from a cat-like smile: Doh! from the subject line, you should be able to guess it. Basic Thermite is comprised of aluminum powder and iron oxide powder and does not explode on its own. So far so good. When the powders are ground to “ultra-fine grain” in a vacuum chamber and are less than 100 nm in diameter, then nano-thermite is formed. When they get down to 10 nm, quien sabe? Even 100 nm changes the situation qualitatively and quantitatively and the result is not just an incendiary – it is a weapons grade explosive. This nanomaterial may well be one of the so-called ballotechnics, such as the infamous "red mercury" was once thought to be. In fact there are a few who will say that this is, and always was, the true identity of that strange material ... ... if it were not fully composed of red herrings, that is ;-) In one of Dr Steven Jones' papers he says: "Researchers can greatly increase the power of weapons by adding materials known as superthermites that combine nanometals such as nanoaluminum with metal oxides such as iron oxide, according to Steven Son, a project leader in the Explosives Science and Technology group at Los Alamos. "The advantage (of using nanometals) is in how fast you can get their energy out," Son says. Son says that the chemical reactions of superthermites are faster and therefore release greater amounts of energy more rapidly... Son, who has been working on nanoenergetics for more than three years, says that scientists can engineer nanoaluminum powders with different particle sizes to vary the energy release rates. This enables the material to be used in many applications, including underwater explosive devices… However, researchers aren't permitted to discuss what practical military applications may come from this research." Dr Son has now apparently been silenced by the powers that be, and has no further comment. Kevin Ryan’s paper connects the dots of all of this hocus-pocus with the feared connection of thermite --> nanothermite and beyond to a few bigwigs at NIST who DO NOT want this connection to be known (he was fired from UL at the insistence of NIST following his revelation that UL had actually test a model with the same steel used in WTC7 and certified that it would not fail). It is Ryan's contention that had NIST investigated thermite at all, it would open up the Pandora's box of nano-thermite, ballotechnics and red-mercury and probably a few mad-hatters. Look for Ryan to be "Vinced" very soon, if this story ever gets a foothold in the national press. As for me, I'm late / I'm late / For a very important date... No time to say "Hello" / Goodbye
