On Oct 12, 2009, at 10:30 AM, Jones Beene wrote:
The answer that best fits the circumstances is that analysis would
demonstrate what a few of us have suspected, and posted, for a long
time -
i.e. that there is transmutation evidence of LENR in the ash !
Yes, indeed.
.... but likely, it is a novel kind of harmless transmutation; and
much could
be learned from a full disclosure. Yet the truth would jeopardize
Mills' IP,
even negate it - so he is placed in a very uncomfortable squeeze.
Kinda
like... dare I say ... going far below ground state?
Yes, as in going all the way to the deflated state hydrogen (p e)*,
(D e)*, or (T e)*.
My guess - and you (already) heard it first on Vortex some time
ago, is that
the Mills' solid fuel reactor converts 23Na into 24Mg, in a new
kind of QM
reaction where only the proton is transferred (no real beta decay
as there
is no real neutron)- but also ... and most importantly - that this
reaction
is NOT the cause of the excess heat - but instead is the RESULT of
excess
heat having already been given up (in a QM sense of time
reversal ... or to
state it a little more clearly, this transmutation is a QM 'book-
balancing'
which effectively avoids any CoE complaints).
Not necessarily does proton capture sap excess heat from the
locality, it may just extract energy from the vacuum, and with no
clear signature. See my comments below.
Laugh, scorn, or hem-and-haw - all you want, the truth will eventually
emerge. These two camps are more similar than they are different,
and no one
has all, or even most of the answers yet.
Jones
We all keep working on it though!
There have been hints of the possibility of "cold" proton reactions
in various experiments. I would suggest that neither the
conventional hot p-p nor the conventional hot p-e-p reactions could
be expected to have reaction rates that explain excess heat, because
they are weak reactions and have clear signatures. I would expect
strong lattice element x transmutations of the form p-e-x to be many
orders of magnitude more probable, and that such transmutations would
produce far less excess heat than the nuclear reactions and mass loss
would normally indicate. Further, I think the following reaction
might produce excess heat by extracting it from the vacuum:
p + e + p -> (p e)* + p -> (p e p)* -> (p e p)* + gamma -> p + e
+ p + gamma
Here the "gamma" is only called gamma because it is radiation issued
from a composite of sub-atomic size, but it consists of many photons
in the EUV range. The electron in the (p e p)* state is massive and
small in wave length, and capable of radiation as well as expanding
its wave form via zero point energy. The binding energy of the (p e
p)* state is electromagnetic and possibly electroweak, with a
significant portion being magnetic, i.e. a relativistic retarded
virtual photon exchange, with energy borrowed from the vacuum for
momentary heavy particle creation.
Both lattice transmutation and the radiating (p e p)* states can be
expected to be preceded by formation of a briefly existing deflated
state hydrogen state, i.e.:
p + e <-> (p e)*
and catalyzed by the resulting (p e)* complex. The (p e)* deflated
state is a neutral energy state, a degenerate quantum state that
coexists with the p + e state. However, once, by tunneling, such a
complex combines with a positive nucleus, the resulting complex, (p e
p)* or (p e x)* is highly de-energized by an amount dependent upon
the initial wavelength of the state that results from the tunneling
and wave function collapse. This de-energizing is not energy
conservative. The field energy is momentarily returned to the
vacuum. Considering the cold fusion version of the p-e-p reaction we
would most commonly have:
p + e + p -> (p e)* + p -> (p e p)* -> p + e + p + gamma
where gamma is multiple EUV photons derived from vacuum energy. The
gammas are produced from vacuum energy, as the electron goes through
a process of expanding its wave length and radiating, even though the
initial (p e p)* complex state is highly de-energized.
Similarly, the electron catalyzed p(x,y)gamma transmutation reaction
would occur as follows:
p + e + x -> (p e)* + x -> (p e x)* -> y + e + gamma
where the energy released in the form of multiple gammas has far less
to do with the mass change from x to y than the size of the initial
(p e x)* wave function.
The basis of these concepts was published as "Speculations Regarding
the Nature of Cold Fusion",Infinite Energy (I.E.), Volume 14, Issue
80, July/August 2008, and here:
http://www.mtaonline.net/%7Ehheffner/DeflationFusion2.pdf
The amount and probability of zero point energy, nuclear heat, in the
form of photons, depends on the duration of the electron's existence
in the nucleus. As noted in the Deflation Fusion article above, the
existence time for the deflated (p e)* or (D e)* state is
attoseconds, though its probability of existence can be high, due to
a high repetition rate. This attosecond existence time greatly
reduces the probability of photon emission from this state. Not so
the post tunneling created de-energized composite structures, (p e p)
*, (p e D)*, (D e D)*, (p e X)*, or (D e X)*, the existence of which
is prolonged by the electron not having enough kinetic energy to
escape. The half life of the de-energized states may also be
prolonged by momentary and vacuum enabled electroweak reactions in
the nucleus, some of which may in fact produce photons. Various of
such reactions have been proposed by Giancarlo Giazzoni.
It appears likely that zero point energy is available to a small
wavelength electron in a nucleus, especially within Ni or Al
cathodes, i.e. from a (p e Ni)* or (p e Al)* state, or in association
with Li absorbed in cathodes. See:
http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/NuclearZPEtapping.pdf
http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/HeisenbergTraps.pdf
The existence of at least a brief small wavelength (p e)* or (D e)*
state can not be denied. Electrons in fact exist within the nucleus
with small probability even in ordinary hydrogen. Electrons exist
in nuclei prior to electron capture. Such electrons have high
kinetic energy, high (relativistic) mass, and small size. Electrons
pass through the nucleus with very high probabilities, i.e. high
repetition rates, in some molecules and it appears there is a high
probability of such transits associated with partial orbitals that
are created in the lattice. See:
http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/PartOrb.pdf
especially the addendum.
The reaction:
p + e <-> (p e)*
has no associated energy unless a photon emission occurs, but then
that is another reaction entirely. The (p e)* state has an
attosecond order existence. The transformation to and from the
deflated (p e)* state is thus rapid and may in fact exist only in a
probabilistic quantum wave form sense. It requires no stretch of
imagination or credulity to accept the possibility a (p e)* state
complex can tunnel as a whole, or be tunneled to, by a charged
particle. Even paired electrons in semiconductors have the ability to
tunnel as pairs. Engineering excess heat is thus largely a matter of
engineering high probabilities of deflated states, and high tunneling
rates within the lattice.
Proton based reaction may account for change in thorium and other
decay rates in ultrasonic cavitation experiments. An article about
this:
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20327190.100-nuclear-decay-
puzzle.html
States:
"The most dramatic change in radioactive decay has, however, recently
been observed by Fabio Cardone and others on the decay of thorium-228
by using ultrasonic cavitation in water (Physics Letters A, vol 373,
p 1956). In this case, the radioactive decay rate was increased by a
whopping factor of 10,000."
The capture of a deflated state hydrogen (p e)* by Th229 provides a
surprisingly rational explanation for the results. No extra energy
is required for the tunneling. The reactions are:
(p +e)* + 228Th -> (229Pa e)* -> 229Th
The 229Th has a 7900 year half-life, with a 5.52 MeV alpha decay, so
it might not be noticed unless the experiment were run much longer.
It is a notable coincidence that 229Pa has a 1.5 day half-life. Also
notable is that 229Pa has two decay modes: electron capture, which is
normally 99.8% probable, with 0.31 MeV released, and alpha decay,
which is 0.2% probable, with 5.836 MeV released. However, the (229Pa
e)* state is highly de-energized, with the electron in continual
proximity, so electron capture with no high energy radiation would be
the principal result.
Best regards,
Horace Heffner
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
