ON Fri, 22 May 2009, Horace Heffner said
On May 21, 2009, at 6:35 PM, Jones Beene wrote:
Then there is the gray area of fractions which are >1 but never integers.
The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a physical phenomenon in which
charge is found which is not a complete integer of the elementary charge.
Catch-22: it is often assumed by the Grand Poobahs of fizzix to be greater
than one, and never less than one. Go figure.
You may be interested to know that an apparent fractional charge develops
when charges interact at relativistic velocities. I investigated this
concept in some depth in:
<http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/SR-CircleCoil.pdf>
http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/SR-CircleCoil.pdf
Reply
I would propose that in any type of equivalent acceleration (event horizon
or a Casimir cavity as proposed by Cavity QED)the velocity is attributed to
the charged electron through relative motion of the space-time through which
the atom happens to be diffusing. My point is that in a cavity it may not be
necessary for the atom to accumulate linear velocity if it passes through
Casimir depletion field. Fields of different intensity will appear to change
the velocity relative to us "depending on the angle of the observation" -
Even though the work is being done by the Casimir plates/geometry this still
represents an atom in a different inertial frame while it occupies the
cavity. If the atom is existing at multiple seconds per second from our
perspective then any metrics based on time such as gravity and current will
be affected by the same proportion (from our perspective). End Reply
This change in apparent charge is due to the change in the apparent E field
strength, depending on the angle of the observation, in the vicinity of a
relativistically moving charge. This change in fieldstrength (and thus
apparent charge) is called field pancaking. The apparent charge can either
increase or decrease, i.e. Q'/Q ratio can be above or below 1, depending on
the angle of observation.
Reply This is also what I was trying to depict with orbitals
http://www.byzipp.com/axis8.gif End Reply
On p.492 of *The Electromagnetic Field*, Albert Shadowitz provides the
equation for relativistic (Coulombic) field pancaking as:
E = Q/(4 Pi e0 r^2) (1 - (v^2/c^2))/(1 - (v^2/c^2) sin^2 theta)^ (3/2)
If we let b = v^2/c^2 then we can interpret apparent charge Q' to be:
Q' = Q (1 - b)/(1 - b sin^2 theta)^(3/2)
which can be interpreted to mean apparent charge is reduced to observers in
line with the charge velocity vector and increased as the viewing angle is
increased. (This fractional charge concept was mine, not Shadowitz's.)
Note - it is not standard physics to interpret pancaking as a change in
apparent charge (standard relativity assumes charge is invariant with
velocity) but rather a change in observed field strength, but we should be
able to interpret the pancaking equation for Q' either way.
My investigation of this had to do with force effects of a circular current
when viewed from outside the circle. When applied to fractional orbit
forces, the equations apply to force within the circle, which should still
exhibit exactly the same effect. This means that as the orbit becomes
smaller and velocity becomes relativistic, the nucleus-electron force should
increase. Very small hydrinos should be smaller even than expected due to
the increased force. The apparent charges of the nucleus and electrons,
viewed in each other's reference frames, should increase due to relativistic
effects.
Best regards,
Horace Heffner
<http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/> http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
Best regards,
Fran
Alternate
<http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/blog/7200-alternate-theory-hydrino-based-rel
ativity-26779.html> THEORY for Hydrino based on Relativity
