Re: Alternate Theory of Pycnodeuterium by meulenberg on February 17th, 2010, 5:21 am froarty wrote:new extended article http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/blog/720 ... 29148.html "that better describes why I lump Mills, Arata and Casimir cavities." ---------------------------------------------------------------- Fran, I have been too busy writing papers to keep up lately. However, I just had a glance at your blog and find it very interesting. I'll have to spend more time on it; but, your bringing in the Casimir effect looks to be important. I have used a similar argument in LENR by using the D-D collision region to be "confined" between the Pd lattice atoms. My take on the Casimir effect is based on Maxwellian radiation and near-field effects rather than external photon fluxes and blackbody radiation. This means that the Casimir effect can extend down to the nuclear regions (to become the basis of the Nuclear Potential).
RE the Naudts orbit: The main argument against it is that it does not apply to fermions. However, I do not believe that anyone else has mentioned the fact that the 1s electron pair is a boson (a locally-charged boson = "lochon") and therefore fits the KG equation very well. The problem in this case is keeping the electron pair confined to a single hydrogen nucleus long enough for the deep "naught" (n=o) orbit to be attained. The Casimir effect and resonant states of lattices (material or optical) appear to be the mechanism. >From a recent submission for publication, I have stated: The electron's kinetic-energy increase and its movement deeper into the Coulomb well about the deuteron causes the electron and its orbit to "shrink" (App. C & A). Its deBroglie wavelength decreases with increased velocity and, as it spirals in, its external-field energy is further "cancelled" by that of the proton. With an increase in energy from the Te = 10 eV range of the electron in the "free" deuterium atoms to the 1 keV range of a bound electron as it approaches the deuteron, the deBroglie wavelength is reduced by an order of magnitude. As the e# kinetic energy increases to the 100 keV range, the wavelength drops by 10x again and approaches that of the electron Compton radius. However, by this time, the electron field (and therefore the electron center of "mass") has shifted to within 100s of Fermi of the nucleus. Electron-Proton Interaction in the 1 - 10 fm Range. As the electron moves even closer to the nucleus (within 10 fm), its instantaneous kinetic energy continues to increase; but, it begins to lose its identity and may no longer be considered a separate entity (Fig.2). The e# - p pair has become a relativistic rotating dipole field (monopole + quadrupole field, if two bound electrons are present). The cancelled charge far-field energy has been replaced by near-field, electromagnetic and relativistic-mass energy. In support of this semi-classical model of tightly-bound electrons, recent work [12] uses the Klein-Gordon equation to indicate the existence of a deep energy level[3] in the hydrogen atom (App. D) for a charged boson, such as the lochon. [3] For an electron, the total energy = Eo = rest mass - binding energy = ~ amoc2 = ~ (1/137)511 keV = ~3.7 keV => binding energy = ~ (511 - 4) = 507 keV. As an appendix I concluded: Appendix D: Naught-orbits (n = 0) In 2005, Jan Naudts posted a paper [12] on the arXiv entitled "On the Hydrino State of the Relativistic Hydrogen Atom." He showed that there was a solution to the Klein-Gordon (K-G) equation that is generally rejected as being non-physical. This solution adds a new atomic orbital at close to mc2. Since the K-G equation pertains to Bosons, not Fermions, Naudts suggested that the question of square integrability of the Dirac equation (which blocks Fermions from that level) might be the non-physical requirement instead and thus the K-G solution could be used to support such a level for Fermions as well. Two papers [15, 16] have rejected both suggestions; but, a third [17] has accepted the K-G solution as real. Applying this information to our model and assuming the additional K-G solution to be valid (at least for bosons), the reality of the bound electron pair (the lochon) as a boson means that this level is available as a physically-real lower-energy state (the n=0 or naught-orbital). This level will not be explored further here (such as the effects of a doubly-charged boson on the solution). However, neither the n=1 ground state nor the n=0 naught orbit has sufficient angular momentum to permit photonic-energy transfer. Therefore, it is still a forbidden photonic transition. Nevertheless, as a viable, tightly-bound, relativistic-electron state, the naught level can be reached by the model described in this paper and it provides additional basis for the extended-lochon theory of low-energy nuclear reactions. This could be a critical point for both the Coulomb barrier penetration and the energy level at which the H-H or D-D fusion begins. A potential importance of this naught orbit is the fact that it provides an intermediate stage for fusion of a mode that is well-known physics - muon-catalysed fusion [18]. Since the n=0 orbit radius is ~ 400 fm (at ~507 keV), n=0 hydrogen would be smaller than muonic hydrogen. But, just as a filled orbital H- ion is larger than the neutral atom, the lochonic n=0 hydrogen ion would be larger than a neutral naught-orbit atom. On the other hand, the naught-orbit molecule (H+ + H=) might be smaller than the muonic hydrogen molecular ion (and perhaps ionically bound rather than covalently bound). Details must be presented elsewhere; but, the implications for naught-orbit hydrogen and molecules for lattice mobility, lattice-site double occupancy, and muon-catalysed-type fusion are immense. Whether this is an unreal, a competitive, an incidental, or an assisting process is still to be determined. I have often "complained" that Mills has made a mistake in going to a plasma source rather than a solid state environment for his studies. However, the plasma resonances just might provide the optical lattice (as in sonofusion) required for a lochon-catalysed fusion. The importance of the potassium and other elements with which he was seeking to induce resonance-energy transfer may more likely be in their ready provision of excess electrons rather than from benefits of his model. If fermionic Naudts' orbits are attained (even momentarily) fusion would be a natural consequence. If bosonic Naught orbits are attained (even momentarily) fusion would be an inevitable consequence. AndrewM meulenberg Posts: 74 Joined: December 18th, 2008, 8:20 am View of GUT-CP: Fence-Sitter
