The statement: "Dipole attraction exactly cancels monopole repulsion
at very short H-H distances." indicates the author probably hasn't
even done a basic seat of the pants calculation as to what this
means. This statement is nonsensical or irrelevant when applied to H-
H proximity prior to fusion.
This dipole attraction is also known as magnetism, and is the result
of spin correlations, i.e. spin coupling, that occurs when particles
are close.
The dipole force Fd is given by:
Fd = 3*mu0*mu1^2/(2*Pi*r^4)
the Coulomb force Fc is:
Fc = Cc*q^4/r^2
Setting them equal and doing some high school algebra we have:
3*mu0*mu1^2/(2*Pi*r^4) = Cc*q^4/r^2
r = (3*mu0*mu1^2/(2*Pi*q^2))^0.5
where mu1 is the H nucleus magnetic moment.
The radius at which the Coulombic force and magnetic forces are
equal, for protium, is given by:
r = (3*mu0*(1.41061x10^-26 A m^2)^2/(2*Pi*q^2))^0.5 = 7.194x10^-16 m
which is about 7 millions of an angstrom. This is roughly the radius
of a proton, and far less than a distance at which rapid tunneling to
fusion occurs. The background information and constants for this
calculation are given here:
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/FusionUpQuark.pdf
Using the deuteron's magnetic moment, we have:
r = (3*mu0*(4.33074e-27 A m^2)^2/(2*Pi*q^2))^0.5 = 2.2085 x 10^-16 m
less than the experimental rest radius of deuterium of about 9 x
10^-16 m.
While the statement, "Dipole attraction exactly cancels monopole
repulsion at very short H-H distances.", is nonsensical when applied
to the H-H interaction, it is a vital core concept when applied to
hydrogen electron interactions, the formation of the deflated state
itself.
The deflated state is cloaked to its neighbors electrostatically, but
not magnetically.
The "gaussian tail" of the quantum wavefunction of hydrogen nuclei
clearly overlaps neighboring unoccupied lattice sites, because
hydrogen has huge tunneling rates between lattices during initial
loading. The tunneling rates drop in the extreme, however, when
neighboring locations are occupied with charged nuclei, due to the
Coulomb energy barrier. This is clearly not the case when a
neighboring site is occupied by a cloaked nucleus, or when a cloaked
nucleus does the tunneling. The huge energy barrier is gone. In its
place is, statistically, a small energy gain, due to spin coupling,
dipole attraction, which makes tunneling feasible. Hydrogen
tunneling to a cloaked site results in hydrogen fusion. Such
tunneling is driven by ordinary concentration gradients, thermal
gradients, and electrostatic fields. Cloaked hydrogen tunneling to a
nearby lattice nucleus results in heavy element transmutation LENR.
Cloaked hydrogen tunneling is driven by magnetic field gradients and
spin coupling. Spin coupling is assisted, on average, by magnetic
fields. These are the fundamental mechanisms of deflation fusion, as
described here:
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/CFnuclearReactions.pdf
The overcoming of the Coulomb force by magnetic forces, and the
relativistic reduction in particle wavelengths makes the deflated
state feasible. It is an island state of kinetic energy, field
potential energy, and momentum feasible to obtain from the ground
state or near ground state, a degenerate state. It thus has a finite
quantum probability. The only thing necessary to the existence of
the state is thus the simultaneity of the state with ground state, or
the feasibility of wavefunction collapse to the state. Degenerate
electron states are known to exist separated by forbidden zones in
some molecules. Wavefunction collapse is not a foreign concept to
quantum mechanics. The deflated state is not very far "out of the box".
Brown's comment: "Multisite coherence forbids emission of short wave
quanta, so normal n,p, gamma channels are forbidden." is nonsensical.
Ev level site binding, especially in non-uniform latices, cannot
possibly "forbid" instant release of nuclear energy on 10's of MeV
scales which are represented by mass changes in heavy element LENR.
I think Brown's theory is missing some important features needed to
describe LENR experimental results.
I do have to congratulate Brown on getting his article past the arxiv
gate keepers! Anyone who wants an arxiv copy should probably
download as soon as possible, because as soon as word gets around
that the article is about cold fusion it will probably be removed!
That's my perspective on all this.
Best regards,
Horace Heffner
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
On Jan 27, 2011, at 6:29 PM, Mark Iverson wrote:
There are now over 320 comments on http://www.journal-of-nuclear-
physics.com...
Two caught my attention, the second one for all you theorists with
a link to arXiv doc!
-Mark
---------- Comment 1 by Rossi ---------
By the way, we are manufacturing our 1 MW plant, which will go in
operation pretty soon, 24 hours per day, so that all these
considerations will be deleted. And the attempts we are fighting
against to try to block the evolution of this tech will be deleted
too.
----------------------------------------------------
How soon is "pretty soon" ?
And the second one might have some interest for the theorists out
there...
And it came with a link to an arXiv doc:
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0703715
I've underlined things below that I thought were significant...
-Mark
---------- Comment 2 ----------------------------
Julian Brown
January 27th, 2011 at 12:32 PM
Congratulations Mr Rossi. You may have saved the planet.
The anomaly has a relatively simple explanation:
Effective potential for H in Ni and Pd is very flat because of
surrounding countercharge, so ground state of H has gaussian width
of about 0.3 Angstrom.
h-omega transition to 1st excited state in harmonic well is about
50 meV (8 THz).
This frequency is not attenuated over lattice cell dimensions, so
transitions are unscreened.
Ground->excited —- exited->ground interaction between neighbours
causes first excited doublet of two H to mix into bonding and anti-
bonding states.
Splitting, large because of 0.3A width, may be greater than h-
omega, so bonding state is actually true ground state.
Dipole attraction exactly cancels monopole repulsion at very short
H-H distances.
Gaussian tail from neighbouring cell can overlap with other H
without any exponential die-off, resulting in nuclear contact and
some sort of p+p reaction.
Multisite coherence forbids emission of short wave quanta, so
normal n,p, gamma channels are forbidden.
See http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0703715 for the details.
--------------------------------------------
Here is the abstract for the arXiv doc:
H-H dipole interactions in fcc metals
J.S.Brown
(Submitted on 27 Mar 2007 (v1), last revised 12 Apr 2007 (this
version, v4))
It is observed that interstitial hydrogen nucleii on a metallic
lattice are strongly coupled to their near neighbours by the
unscreened electromagnetic field mediating transitions between low-
lying states. It is shown that the dominant interaction is of
dipole-dipole character. By means of numerical calculations based
upon published data, it is then shown that in stoichiometric PdD,
in which essentially all interstitial sites are occupied by a
deuteron, certain specific superpositions of many-site product
states exist that are lower in energy than the single-site ground
state, suggesting the existence of a new low temperature phase.
Finally, the modified behaviour of the two-particle wavefunction at
small separations is investigated and prelimary results suggesting
a radical narrowing of the effective Coulomb barrier are presented.
