On 2011-12-08 05:53, Aussie Guy E-Cat wrote:
http://citi5.org/launch/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Energy-Localization-No8-11.ppt
It appears you can see the notes only if you DON'T view the slides in "presentation" mode. This might not be possible on all programs that can read this file. For clarity, I'm copy/pasting them here from each slide:
01) Nature has evolved in a narrow size regime below 12 nanometers to take maximal advantage of an energy exchange mechanism that is not available at larger dimensions. 02) The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics invariably leads to an increase in entropy and order moves towards disorder. That is not true for biological systems. Why not? 03) The mass of the nuclei are thousands of times more massive than the electrons, so their motions can be treated separately in most cases. As heat is added the vibrational amplitude increases slightly. The amplitude of vibration increases only a little. 04) As you can see these potential wells are very broad and shallow. They are no longer simple parabolas . As a result the nuclei move over much larger distances. These kinds of potential wells define all superconductors including PdD, PdH, NiH etc. The hydrogen nuclei undergo massive nonlinear oscillations while the metal lattice undergoes small amplitude, high frequency oscillations. 05) The white puck at the bottom is a high temperature superconductor. This photo was taken in 1987. The nuclei in superconductors do not vibrate like most solids They undergo very large amplitude oscillations. Levitating a magnet above the materials is simply the easiest method for verifying the superconducting state. These materials were highly touted in 1987, but I do not know of a single commercial product that uses them. 06) In 1953 Enrico Fermi was simply testing out the operation of one of the country’s first computers called MAINIC I. They gave it a simple mathematical-Physics problem of finding the average energy of a one-dimensional array of harmonic oscillators. With their simple linear assumptions each of the masses acquired roughly the same amount of vibrational energy. This was the anticipated result and it verified one of Thermodynamics basic tenets, The Equipartition of Energy. 07) Fermi’s colleague, Stanislau Ulam, decided to change the problem from simple harmonic motion by adding another term to the force equation. This made the problem nonlinear and the outcome was quite different. After thousands of periods of oscillation, they found that the vibrational energy was not equally shared. On the contrary, it was localized and focused to a small number of elements. The red arrow denotes locatios where the masses are ‘vibrationally cold’. These regions extract heat from the environment and ‘up-pump it’ to feed the large amplitude regions. This is a local reversal of the 2cd Law, not a global reversal. 08) hese two conditions are both necessary and sufficient. The elements can be atoms, BBs or hockey pucks The number of elements cannot be too large or too small. This is an ‘Intermediate Size Effect’. It is actually just a feedback effect that is not obvious beforehand. 09) Here is the cover story for Nature in August 1996. A Petrie dish full of BBs was electrostatically charged and the vibrational modes amplified in specific and repeatable locations. There was a countable number of BBs and the electrostatic charge provided some weak nonlinear coupling. There was no localization without the electrostatic charging. These large vibrational modes act like very hot spots and catalyze chemical reactions when the BBs are atoms. 10) All nanoparticles in this size regime will display energy localized vibrational modes. They will be able to catalyze energy transfers as if they were very hot, localized energy reservoirs. All enzymes have at least one of their dimensions in this size regime so they can efficiently carry out the building of ordered structures out of random chemical environments. 11) Enzymes for example are known as Nature’s catalysts. They accomplish their tasks with high efficiency and high specificity through this little known mechanism, Energy Llocalization. 12) Fireflies are an excellent example of highly efficient energy transfer at the nanoscale. The Luciferase enzyme converts ATP into visible light with nearly 100% efficiency. Similarly, Nature’s solar cell is Photosynthesis where visible light is converted into ordered structures and stored chemical energy. All the important processes happen at the magic size regime. 13) In conclusion, perhaps the most important use for Energy Localization will be in the field of Lattice Assisted Nuclear Energy. We have already noted that superconductors have enormous anharmonic vibrational modes. Palladium hydride is a superconducting system that already has enormous vibrational modes for the hydrogen isotopes. By processing palladium powders in the 4-10 nm size regime produce enormous anharmonic vibrational modes of the palladium lattice that get superimposed on the anharmonic hydrogen vibrations leading to a amplification of the hydrogen modes. Energy localization is superimposed over the already delocalized motion of this superconducting system. Cold Fusion in bulk, macroscopic systems is controlled by the overlap of the vibrational modes of the dissolved deuterium nuclei. This effect is barely observable, but it is readily available in the magic size regime! Where the deuterium nuclei have their vibrational modes amplified by Energy Localizati
on.
14) Nobody paid attention to the Arata claims, because Takahashi presented right after him and showed a null result. Over three weeks of e-mails I convinced him to process in the 3 – 12nm range and he got excess energy on the first attempt. When the metal lattice is this small it too udergoes large amplitude anharmonic oscillations. This in turn, causes a further amplification of the hydrogen modes to a chaotic condition. This introduces new possibilities for energetic reactions that are as yet undetermined. 15) The heat released by the Ni-H system may be related to the Manelas device. All are using nanoscale magnetic powders 16) In a similar fashion to hydrogen in nanoparticles where the anharmonic modes were amplified. The magnetic properties are magnified by the nonlinear processes developed in the 3-12nm ferrite particles.
Cheers, S.A.
