If you recall our past discussions (Re: Excess heat due to proton pairing in metal hydrides) about the DGT maintenance process of periodically venting the hydrogen envelope and occasionally vacuuming the nickel powder. I suggested that this procedure was to mitigate the “quiescence” problem whose causation is localized in the hydrogen envelope.
What this maintenance procedure would do is reduce to low levels, the “secret sauce” additive. This catalyst would need to be reformulated and reactivated after envelope venting. The function of the second spark plug is rebuild the nano-structures of the “secret sauce” when the DGT reactor is restarted. There must be a large resource of functional additive precursor compound that is in close proximity to the plasma end on the second spark plug. In the Rossi reactor, the functional additive is only formulated at the initial startup and is maintained for long term running. But in the DGT reactor which can be restarted many times on-site, the functional additive must be rebuilt after each on-site maintenance procedure. The second plug is only activated for a short timeframe until the functional additive is vaporized from a powdered or a solid feedstock compound packed closely around the plasma end of the second spark plug. Cheers: Axil On Fri, May 11, 2012 at 2:56 AM, Jojo Jaro <jth...@hotmail.com> wrote: > ** > Having 2 spark plugs on both ends, and firing them alternately in groups > will cause the hot zone to alternate between the 2 ends. This to me would > push the hydrogen back and forth between the 2 ends, as hot hydrogen > expands and migrate to the cool end. Timing the sparks properly would > create a constant hot hydrogen gas pulse alternating between the 2 ends. > And fast flowing hydrogen should carry the nickel nanopowder along for the > ride thereby ensuring that the sparks never hit the same powder particles. > This to me is a effective means to create turbulence. > > My approach to creating turbulence is to take advantage of the > themosiphon "Chimney"effect. Hot gas flows up and is cooled and then gets > pulled along an alternate tube back to the bottom where the spark plug is. > I calculated the gas flow in the order of 137m/s within my reactor. > Whether this figure is accurate or not, one thing is clear - I have > sufficient turbulence. > > It appears unneccesary to use spark plug for temperature measurements. > There appears to be an abundance of thermocouple connections in that > reactor. Looking at the reactor end plates, there are a lot of "holes" for > a bunch of different instrument probes. The presence of the spark plug is > unneccesary for the purposes you mentioned. > > To me, sparks appear to be critical for the creation of Rydberg matter as > speculated by Axil. > > I am unfamiliar with the Atomic Battery calculations you are alluding to. > Can you please elaborate? > > > Jojo > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > *From:* David Roberson <dlrober...@aol.com> > *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com > *Sent:* Friday, May 11, 2012 1:24 PM > *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:"Progress Photographs" pdf from Defkalion Green > Technologies > > I do see the two plugs at opposite ends of the device but it is not > obvious why this configuration would generate a large amount turbulence. > The fact that they are using two plugs might indicate that there are two > isolated voltage feeds; one positive and the other negative (or AC to > balance the effect). This might tend to spread the ion stream along the > length of the cylinder. > > The metal caps at each end of the device are quite thick which explains > the long reach plugs. > > An earlier poster suggested that the plugs were merely used as a means of > breaching the metal caps with a high pressure and temperature resistant > connector. This might be the reason for the plugs if we follow their > reasoning since spark plugs are used in ICE in that manner. Of course they > also carry the high voltage to activate the plugs in those services. > > There may be good logic associated with the spark induced ion current > injection. I once looked at that from a different perspective. I > calculated the induced current associated with an atomic battery that > operated with beta plus decays that would occur according to Rossi's > original paper. It was a while back in time but I recall that several > milliamps of current would be induced at the power level of a few > kilowatts. I can reproduce the number if it is of additional interest. > > If the current is in the form of protons required to interact then it > should not be too difficult to generate the necessary number by spark > ionization. I have to wonder how effeciently the protons interact with the > nickel active regions when origniated in this manner. > > I note that you mention that you use a different method of creating > turbulence in your device. Have you actually build one which has a > significant energy gain? > > Dave > > -----Original Message----- > From: Jojo Jaro <jth...@hotmail.com> > To: vortex-l <vortex-l@eskimo.com> > Sent: Thu, May 10, 2012 11:31 pm > Subject: Re: [Vo]:"Progress Photographs" pdf from Defkalion Green > Technologies > > Another thing, notice on page 24, DGT's reactor has 2 spark plugs > mounted co-axially on both ends of the reactor. > > What is the point of this? What is the point of 2 plugs on both ends? > Seems to me that if you wanted more power, all you've got to do is increase > the energy on each individual spark and use only one spark plug. > > I speculate that this is for the purpose of creating turbulent flow. DGT > must be firing those plugs alternately, created a rhythm of heating and > cooling on both ends of the reactor thereby stimulating turbulent mixing in > the reactor. Seems logical for me. > > I used a different approach in stimulating turbulence. > > > Jojo > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > *From:* Jojo Jaro <jth...@hotmail.com> > *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com > *Sent:* Friday, May 11, 2012 11:20 AM > *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:"Progress Photographs" pdf from Defkalion Green > Technologies > > Rossi has not mentioned anything about spark plugs, though I suspect that > sparks being central to his design, he would misdirect about it. I am of > the opinion that those things that are mentioned by Rossi are the wrong > ideas, while those things that he is curiously silent about are the key. A > basic assumption I am working from is that Rossi would misdirect, while DGT > would be more candid. So far, that assumption appears to hold. I believe > Rossi calls his high voltage sparks as "RF". > > I've always wondered about the amount of electronics in Rossi's blue box. > Seems to me that if you only wanted to control power to a resistance > heater, you won't need that tangled web of electronics we saw in his blue > box. Those electronics are for some process totalling unrelated to his > resistance heating, IMO. > > Remember one of those videos by Matts Lewan. Krivit rightly mentioned > that before Lewan entered the room where the steam output was, there > appears to be no steam popping noise. When Lewan entered the room, the > steam immediately started popping. When Lewan went back, he caught Rossi > red handed with his hands at the controls manipulating something. I > speculate that Rossi was manipulating sparks. That's the most logical > conclusion for me as no other heating mechanism can instantaneously create > lots of heat and steam in the time it takes Lewan to enter the room > (probably a few seconds). > > As for your question on how to distribute the heat, you are right, but the > answer is turbulence. In another thread, I speculated that sparking must > be accompanied by turbulence and mixing. If not, the sparks would quickly > "cook" and melt the nickel nanostructures critical to the process. A > design must be made that would insure that sparks do not follow the same > path everrytime, and if it does, it must not pass through the same set of > nickel powder particles. Hence, turbulence is key. > > I have designed my reactor to achieve both these goals. I believe for me, > it is now just a matter of hunting for that secret ingredient. Axil's > speculation about Cesium being the secret ingredient is quite compelling. > > Jojo > > > ----- Original Message ----- > *From:* David Roberson <dlrober...@aol.com> > *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com > *Sent:* Friday, May 11, 2012 10:55 AM > *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:"Progress Photographs" pdf from Defkalion Green > Technologies > > Jojo, I do not recall any evidence of a spark plug or similar device in > Rossi's designs. It is true that the internal heating unit was well > concealed and not subject to inspection during his first small cylindrical > design. Also, I suspect that it would be possible to carefully construct a > small spark gap that could be driven by the PWM controller that he used for > these tests. Perhaps that is his secret sauce. > > Do you recall any evidence from his statements that suggests the use of > sparks for the purpose you mentioned? I can not remember any mention > whatsoever of this process in any of his correspondences. We will only > know for sure when we actually get our hands upon some of his products. > > I suspect that Rossi is having trouble with control of his devices because > he depends upon temperature as the main driving force behind the energy > production. DGT may have discovered the spark process with one stroke of > genius and that is why they are doing so well with their development. > > Your thoughts about the rapid heating and cooling due to sparks within the > hydrogen are interesting. I would be concerned that the local heating due > to this effect would be excessive as in a hydrogen torch and would degrade > the nickel by melting. How would you distribute the heating so as to > alleviate this issue? > > Dave > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Jojo Jaro <jth...@hotmail.com> > To: vortex-l <vortex-l@eskimo.com> > Sent: Thu, May 10, 2012 9:54 pm > Subject: Re: [Vo]:"Progress Photographs" pdf from Defkalion Green > Technologies > > Dave, I disagree. I think the use of High Voltage Sparks is fundamental > in both Rossi's Ecat and the DGT Hyperions. I believe it is the best way > to create Ionized Hydrogen for the process. > > I suspect the bulk heater is used to bring the temps up and then use the > Sparks to control the reaction by controlling the amount of Ionized > hydrogen available for the process. > > In a previous thread, (I believe it was "To spark or not to spark") I > speculated that spikes in temperature were the result of sparks, as no > other process could bring hydrogen temps up that quickly and cooling it > down just as quickly. Looks like my initial suspicions were correct. > Sparks are the Ke, together with the "secret sauce". > > Funny, how DGT uses that "long reach" spark plug (looks like a Champion 1" > long reach spark plug.); same thing that I have used in my spark reactor; > albeit used in a slightly different manner. > > Jojo > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > *From:* David Roberson <dlrober...@aol.com> > *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com > *Sent:* Friday, May 11, 2012 8:59 AM > *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:"Progress Photographs" pdf from Defkalion Green > Technologies > > > This technique looks significantly different from anything that Rossi has > demonstrated. > Dave > >
