I have been reviewing a table of nuclides in an attempt to make sense of the
process suggested by W&L proponents and those of Rossi. In the W&L theory a
neutron is formed by the combination of an electron and a proton with the .78
MeV of energy being supplied by their process. This neutron then finds its way
into a nucleus of nickel in this version of devices and energy is released.
The final result is the next heavier isotope of nickel plus a significant
amount of energy.
The Rossi process involves the insertion of a proton into the nucleus of the
subject nickel atom forming a new copper atom along with release of energy.
Some of the copper isotopes formed by addition of a proton into their parent
nickel isotopes decay by beta plus action into the next heavier nickel isotope
along with a release of additional energy.
The above two paragraphs offer an extremely brief description of the two
theories. They are not intended to get into details which can be located
within many documents.
My purpose for writing this document is to reveal an interesting observation
that I have made concerning the two processes. This may be well known to many
of the people on the list, but it is new to me and I offer it as a refresher.
If you take any stable isotope of an element, for example nickel 60 and either
add a neutron as with the W&L process or overcome the Coulomb barrier by
forcing a proton into the nucleus you find an interesting result. In virtually
every case only one of these processes leads to a stable isotope in a single
reaction. There are only a couple of exceptions to this observation and that
appears to be when neither process results in a single step stable new atom.
Of course the newly created atoms will all eventually decay in steps until a
stable result is obtained.
I further notice that the end result of the two processes is the same nuclide.
An example is as follows: Start with Ni60 and add a proton to it by forcing the
particle against the Coulomb barrier and you obtain Cu61. Some immediate
energy is released by the new element and at a half life later a Beta Plus
decay process occurs which releases more energy. The Beta Plus decay leaves us
with Ni61. The energy release is composed of two parts as we progress from
Ni60 to Ni61.
Now, instead of adding a proton, let’s allow a neutron to encounter the Ni60
nucleus. In this case a stable isotope of nickel Ni61 is directly formed and a
significant amount of energy is released.
I followed both of these processes through several different elements and can
state that the same total energy is released regardless of the path taken when
I start with an isotope of an element and end at the same final product. I
consider this an important and useful observation.
A second issue I would like to discuss is also interesting and leads to some
neat results. The above rule that I found makes it impossible to have two
stable isotopes of elements with the same number of nucleons that are one level
apart. An example of this rule would be that since He3 is stable, then H3
cannot be. Or, since Ni61 is stable, then Cu61 is unstable. This appears to
apply throughout the entire list of elements and I would appreciate it for
others to verify this conclusion.
I have a couple of additional concepts that I plan to present at a later time,
so for now review what I have observed and please make relevant comments.
Dave
