I have temporarily uploaded this document here: http://lenr-canr.org/RossiData/KrakowskiARIES.pdf
I am not sure if I should add it to the library. Anyway, anyone interested in comparing tokamak reactors to advanced fission reactors should have a look. Below is the title and abstract. - Jed LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE TOKAMAK ADVANCED REACTOR INNOVATION AND EVALUATION STUDY (ARIES) * R. A. Krakowski, C. G. Bathke, R. L. Miller, and K. A. Werley Abstract Lessons from the four-year ARIES (Advanced Reactor Innovation and Evaluation Study) investigation of four commercial magnetic-fusion-energy (MFE) power-plant embodiments of the tokamak are summarized. These lessons are derived from the physics; engineering and technology; economics; and environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) characteristics of these conceptual tokamak power-plant designs. This summary of ARIES lessons is intended to provide a general indicator of the requirements of economically and environmentally attractive fusion power. The integration of fundamental tokamak physics with conceptual engineering models through a cost-based systems methodology has been especially thorough in ARIES. The resulting quantitative tradeoffs among tokamak plasma physics, plasma engineering, and a wide range of supporting reactor engineering disciplines, and the enhanced interdisciplinary understanding of the impact of constraints leading to optimal tokamak reactors are major contributions of the ARIES Project. A general conclusion drawn from this extensive investigation of the commercial potential of tokamak power plants is the need for combined, symbiotic advances in both physics and engineering before economic competitiveness with developing advanced energy sources can be projected. Comparable advances for materials are also needed for the exploitation of ES&H advantages related to passive safety and reduced radioactive-waste burden. Although the above-mentioned integration of physics, engineering, economics, and ES&H components is an ongoing process limited by present understanding, and although many of the ARIES assumptions remain to be verified experimentally, a preference has emerged for following the path of second-stability-regime tokamak physics towards an optimal (i. e., cost-competitive, operationally tractable, ES&H-acceptable) commercial end-product. The feasibility of this optimal tokamak reactor cannot be assessed, however, until experimental results confirming the necessary physics, engineering, and materials underpinning the ARIES designs become available. Research and Development (R&D) along several independent lines, therefore, would be prudent to assure the necessary advances needed for an economically competitive system with which to harness the nearly unlimited supply of nuclear-fusion fuel in a safe and environmentally benign configuration. While a moderate extrapolation from the existing tokamak data base using presently (or easily) qualified engineering materials will not attain this goal, ARIES has provided a clear indication of the potential reactor merits of the second-stability-regime tokamak plasma with both high confinement efficiency (Beta) and high overall current-drive efficiency (i. e., both low total plasma current and high bootstrap-current fraction); an important related condition is the need for a plasma that sheds a majority of the heating energy through radiation channels so that heat loads on plasma-facing components can be more equally distributed for the more-compact, high-engineering-gain reactor that would result. * Work supported by US DOE, Office of Fusion Energy.
