Recent experiments in superconductivity should concern the people who want to understand what is happening in a LENR lattice.
http://phys.org/news/2013-03-electrons-cuprate-superconductors-defy-convention.html#ajTabs Since superconductivity and LENR have much in common, this new discovery could make life for the LENR theorist very difficult. In superconductivity, the Luttinger theorem is being violated. In physics, the Luttinger's theorem states that the number of electrons in a material is the same as the number of electrons in all of its atoms added together. Electrons are the sub-atomic particles that carry the current in a conductive material. Much-studied conducting materials, such as metals and semiconductors, hold true to the theorem. >From the superconductor experimental data, the experimenters tested it and indeed found discrepancies between the measured charge and the number of mobile electrons in cuprate superconductors, defying Luttinger. This discrepancy increased in proportion to the density of the measured charge. "This result is telling us that the physics cannot be described by electrons alone," the experimenter said. "This means that the cuprates are even weirder than previously thought: Something other than electrons carries the current." Now the researchers are exploring possible candidates for current-carriers, particularly a novel kind of excitation called unparticles. There are a growing number of physicists that believe that unparticles could be real. In addition, a new math to describe unparticles is being developed. Now, these physicists have tried to place constraints on what unparticles might be so that physicists might have an idea of where to look for them in new experiments, notably in the Large Hadron Collider. In LENR, in some systems including the Rossi type reactor, the Papp engine, the Plasmatron, and the Keshe reactor. All show signs that more electrons come out of the system then go into them. This production of extra electrons out of the vacuum energy has concerned me greatly. Where are these extra electrons coming from? There also seems to be a decoupling (delocalization) of charge, spin, and mass in the waves of electrons as these waves flow around on the surface of the lattice. It just may be that when the vacuum energy is tapped in these systems, the heavy concentration of free electrons operating in a lattice taps into the unparticle generation mechanism and creates unparticles that decay into electrons. The Unparticle for the electron (unelectron) is not all that different from the electron, except that it demonstrates unparticle behavior and, subsequently, does not fit in with the Standard Model of particle physics. While a particle has discrete parameters, the Unelectrons’ parameters are continuous. In this sense, the unelectron is itself a continuum, and can be thought of as a collection of many parts of electrons, each carrying a fraction of the electrons total value. It is like electrons condense out of the vacuum energy from an electron vapor of a superposition of electron states made real by the presence of other electrons. According to theory, these unparticles are scale invariant. This means that unparticles look the same at high energies and charge as they do at low energies and charge. This means that they have factional electron parameters like mass, charge and spin; this fractal dimensionality is required to describe unparticles. If unparticles are happening in LENR, the LENR theories have a hard row to hoe. So far in the world of the standard model of particle physics, unparticle physics does not seem to address any urgent problems, and as such its discovery is not generally anticipated. However, these novel happenings in superconductivity and these other various LENR systems might make considering novel possibilities worthwhile when you are searching for the unknown. To quote Louis Pasteur, ‘Chance favors the prepared mind. Cheers: Axil On Tue, Mar 19, 2013 at 8:51 AM, Roarty, Francis X < [email protected]> wrote: > Un-particle? Are they suggesting “hole current” not balanced by electron > current? **** > > ** ** > > *From:* Ron Kita [mailto:[email protected]] > *Sent:* Tuesday, March 19, 2013 8:31 AM > *To:* vortex-l > *Subject:* EXTERNAL: [Vo]:Superconductors= No Electron Conduction**** > > ** ** > > Greetings Vortex,**** > > ** ** > > > http://phys.org/news/2013-03-electrons-cuprate-superconductors-defy-convention.html > **** > > ** ** > > Respectfully,**** > > Ron Kita, Chiralex**** >
