A modern miracle of ancient technology is happening as we speak. This feat was witnessed on the SF Bay a few days ago - in winds of 15.8 knots. The New Zealand catamaran, their entry in the America's Cup, hit a speed of 44.15 knots - 50.8 mph in this modest wind. Amazing! for a wind-powered device - to be propelled at almost triple the wind speed. What if wind mills could do this?
http://blog.sfgate.com/americascup/2013/07/19/new-zealand-makes-fastest-vuit ton-cup-run-yet/ Of course this is not overunity, speed is not energy, windmills routinely have tip speeds far in excess of wind speed and so on - but it does hint at one particular way that real gain can happen in many kinds of bifurcated systems. In short: order -> disorder. The "hint" for bifurcation is to take an input which is somewhat disordered, like wind or heat, and then convert it very efficiently into something similar but closer to coherency - which has more internal order than the original input. Order from disorder, done efficiently is the key to the first step. Wind impinging on the sail at one speed has freedom of movement several axes, but can be forced by geometry into an altered vector with lowered freedom of movement at 3x the initial speed. To "pay" for this apparent gain, there will be large volumes of disordered and more stationary air. Imagine blackbody radiation at a peak of 600 K being partly converted into coherent photons which have the equivalent mass-energy of 1500 K. In itself, this plasmonic reaction is not gainful but it may set the stage for another derivative reaction. The reaction above is not net gainful since it has bifurcated thermal energy into two forms - superradiance (hotter photons) and subradiance (colder phonons). The classic example of this kind of 'natural' thermal bifurcation is the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube - which lent its name to this forum. The next step - the anomaly - is difficult to imagine and more controversial - which is deriving net gain from a different interlocking system. But this may not be technically impossible so long as the mechanism which provides coherency is efficient and so long as there is another input (often hidden) which comes from "outside the local system." To avoid CoE concerns, this other input could be nuclear or it could be the zero point field but it is outside the dynamics of the main system. This brings us back to an interesting study of heat produced by lanthanum nickel alloy absorbing hydrogen- mentioned last Friday by Jack Cole. The authors of this paper may not have produced LENR but when this system is combined with thermal bifurcation - net gain appears to be possible, on paper. http://www.micromeritics.com/Repository/Files/The_Heat_of_Adsorption_of_Hydr ogen_Gas_on_Lanthanum_Pentanickel.pdf "The heat of adsorption for hydrogen during physisorption is somewhere between 4 to 10 kJ/mol... but for the LaNi5 sample, the heat of adsorption is calculated to be 30.3 kJ/mol, almost triple. This increase in the heat of adsorption over typical enthalpies for the physisorption of hydrogen is the result of the LaNi5 disassociating and absorbing hydrogen. Unlike most which employ physisorption to adsorb molecular hydrogen, the LaNi5 employs chemisorption and actually absorbs atomic hydrogen into the metal structure." Surprisingly the alloy gives up the protons which were absorbed easily, when modest heat is applied. This is why the system need to be thermally cycled between hot and cold. http://lenr.qumbu.com/web_hotcat_pics/130601_levi_14A.png To understand how this can work together for gain in a bifurcated thermal system, look at Figure 2 in the context of Figure 1 and imagine a bifurcated subradiant system supplying colder hydrogen for chemisorption which further heats the protons, which are then released by the action of the superradiant photons and then cooled by phonon contact. In plasmon formation, the bifurcation happens between phonons and photons, so the system is arguably repeatable with phonons providing the relative cooling during thermal cycling Of course, this kind of combined interlocking system for net gain has never been demonstrated before, and mainstream fizzix denies the possibility since it looks like a CoE violation. However, the Rossi HT reactor may be the first instance. But if there is net thermal gain, where does putative excess energy come from precisely? Fusion? ZPE? Redundant ground states? Relativistic effects? Reversible proton fusion? We suspect that it cannot come from chemistry alone, but everything else is in play IF there really is excess heat in the Rossi reactor. I believe that there is and that the source of gain is completely free of gamma radiation. We can save that inquiry of "where" for another windy day. Jones
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