To answer Mark's question, I believe that if you had a gamma sensor inside the reactor, you would see gamma every time you see LENR (Bob's opinion). What would change is the spectrum of the gamma. When the LENR starts or runs un-optimized, the photon energy is higher - perhaps in the 50 keV to 200 keV range. At this energy, the photons will statistically penetrate most reactor housings and would be detectable. Then when the reaction becomes optimized for heat output, the gamma spectrum shifts to much lower energy photons - in the 5 keV to 25 keV range. Photons in this range would be absorbed in the nickel powder and the stainless reactor vessel and would be turned into heat; and, some, probably only a few, would make it out statistically for detection as a low rate gamma in a sensitive detector. If you had the reactor vessel and the gamma scintillator detector (NaI) surrounded by lead to block the environmental radiation, you might be able to see some of this low energy gamma leak if you have a thin wall reactor vessel. This is what I am setting up now. Then I will be able to correlate the radiation peaks to events such as gas loading and thermal outbursts.
The magnetic field has only been reported AFAIK by Defkalion. Their reactor is stimulated differently than anyone else's and it could be the HV plasma pulses they setup that provide a magnetic field alignment and result in a big field. It is a fascinating phenomenon, that if it pans out, could provide a means for direct LENR to electrical conversion. I look forward to hearing more about this. I have some experiments regarding this planned as well. I can't say if the MFMP people are monitoring for magnetic fields, but I am sure some them are seeing your question. I would like to make sure that you are clear on the terms gamma and X-ray. Gamma rays are defined as photons being generated from a nucleus. Gamma ray photons usually have a really high energy, but not always. X-rays are also photons, usually generated by inner shell electrons of an atom. X-ray photons normally have an energy range from a few keV (just above EUV) to about 100keV. Gamma photons can be as high as 10's of MeV, and are infrequently seen below 25keV. But just to be clear, gamma and X-ray photons at the same energy level are the same thing - photons. Gamma just refers to the provenance of having come from a nucleus. Thank you, Jed, for trying to clear up what I was trying to say. I meant to say that gamma may occur with LENR every time, but few detect it, in most cases for failure to detect with adequate sensitivity, and/or working with a too thick of reactor vessel which attenuates the gamma rate to below the environmental radiation level. Focardi published a paper with Piantelli in 2004, "Evidence of electromagnetic radiation from Ni-H Systems", where he describes gamma photons (the electromagnetic radiation) spectrum. They detected 661keV gamma and reported it in that paper. So, this is far from new. But, everyone became focused on heat, in part because Rossi seemed to be getting heat while claiming no radiation. In his case, I think he was referring to no radiation leakage outside of his reactor vessel. I believe his reaction is well optimized and produces prodigious gamma photons whose energy is below 20keV and almost all of it is thermalized in his reactor shell. Bob On Thu, Nov 7, 2013 at 5:46 PM, Mark Gibbs <[email protected]> wrote: > OK, so it seems that gamma rays may be an output from LENR systems but is > it the case that experimenters have just simply failed to look for them or > that they don't always occur. Likewise with the incredible magnetic field > that has been claimed, has that been seen more than once? Do the MFMP > people monitor for magnetic fields? > > [m] > > > > > On Thu, Nov 7, 2013 at 2:17 PM, Jed Rothwell <[email protected]>wrote: > >> Mark Gibbs <[email protected]> wrote: >> >> Yes, I meant not significant ... that was what I took away from Bob >>> Higgins' comment: >>> >> >>> On Thu, Nov 7, 2013 at 9:53 AM, Bob Higgins <[email protected]> >>> wrote: >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> From a product perspective, don’t forget that CRT’s produce X-rays in >>>> this energy range. The CRTs were later designed to have leaded glass to >>>> minimize the emissions, but they first shipped with the emissions. Even >>>> many of the older high voltage rectifier tubes produced X-rays. So, there >>>> is nothing about having a primary reaction channel yielding low energy >>>> gamma that would prevent a shipping product. >>>> >>> >> Not to put words in Bob's mouth . . . I think he meant that many devices >> produce gamma rays, so this would not preclude the commercial use of a cold >> fusion reactor that produces gammas. The reactor would not be dangerous, as >> long as it is properly shielded. >> >> However, this does not imply that the gamma rays are not "significant" >> from physics point of view. They are significant, meaning "important" or >> "compelling, convincing." Coming from a cold fusion reactor, these gamma >> rays definitely prove that a nuclear reaction is occurring. They could not >> be produced by a mechanism similar to the one in a CRT or an x-ray machine. >> >> They are "significant" in the mathematical sense as well. Meaning well >> above the noise. >> >> They are not surprising. Not to me, anyway. >> >> - Jed >> >> >
