To continue fishing in Dirac’s sea … A pair of electrons can be combined to form a spin 0 state which is called a singlet, despite being paired. A singlet implies a one-dimensional particle or a correlated state with a negative charge, such that the total angular momentum of is zero - having peculiar properties including quantum entanglement. Consider the possibility that in nature, the “free electron” (or some portion of them) is actually a singlet state of two electrons bound to an interfacial positron “hole” (the hole stays in reciprocal space).
The prior posting about a chemical (magnesium based) method for generating hydrogen, using LENR/ZPE was confusing, as well it should be since there is nothing in the literature to place it into context. There is almost no chance of this happening in the eyes of mainstream science, but so long as there is a faint possibility, it may pay to keep an open mind – based on a bit of other evidence. BTW – perhaps the closest thing to ZPE harvesting in conventional technology is the OLED which has already started to appear. I have talked to an expert in this field (and in FRET) who is convinced that ZPE gain via “singlet harvesting” is actually close to a demonstration device. Where it not for this anecdote, the rest of this post would not be worth the effort. Anyway, given that ZPE gain could possibly be demonstrated in the near term, a related hydrogen generation method is proposed in order to temper the criticism of SolarHydrogenTrends, or at least of the Armenian inventors (whoever they are). That earlier negativity was based on what looks to be shoddy business practice. As problematic as their business model is, there could be a valid underlying technology - since the research derives from a respectable University project and from an anomaly with magnesium redox reactions (the Pacheco device). A magnesium superoxide method, as proposed, would depend on making H2O2 or another peroxide efficiently. The normal anthraquinone method is not efficient, but perhaps it has been adapted (note a functional similarity to citrates of magnesium). The SHT process is said to involve 16 chemicals in a complex process, and a variety of peroxide exchange mechanisms could be involved. As for the electron singlet approach - according to Fred Sparber, there is a modicum of “free energy” associated with free electrons reacting with the Na+ and other cations in the Oceans of earth, one of Sparber’s old proposals to explain the anomalous energy of tropical storms and the gamma ray flashes. These electrons (e*) are somewhat “free” in nature for a valid reason related to “quantum foam,” meaning that they are much less reactive than an electron of nominal half spin and full charge but have lots of potential energy. To update Fred’s idea, the electron w/asterisk (e*) will represent the presence of a neutralizing particle, such as an interfacial positron which is located in reciprocal space. Thus, the “free electron” becomes a singlet pair which is partially neutralized in 3-space, which explains how it is both “free” and less reactive than an electron should be and seems to have no spin. Sparber’s rationale could be updated and extended to an interaction with magnesium ions in water, in a hydrogen generator (the magnesium will be present as part of ionic complex (like a citrate, not shown) instead of as a free atom): 1 2Mg + 2H2O -> 2Mg(OH)2 + H2 which accounts for the initial hydrogen production 1 (OH-)(Mg++)(OH-) + 2 (e*) -> (Mg**) + H2O2 Peroxide exchange, endothermic 2 (Mg**) + 2 (H2O2) -> Mg (O2)2 (superoxide) + 2H2 + 2 (e*) This requires a special catalyst, possibly nickel based, and frees up the original (e*) singlet to repeat the cycle. 3 Mg (O2)2 (superoxide) + heat -> Mg + 2O2 This happens in a secondary reactor, removing oxygen and returning Mg to repeat the cycle Power input is not mentioned, but when one adds a large dose of wishful thinking the net reaction recycles magnesium using resonant UV energy from the Dirac sea/ZPE (possibly 3.4 eV photons) while generating lots of hydrogen in one reactor and oxygen in another. The ultimate energy source is the Dirac sea. _____________________________________________ Prior post: Pacheco’s patent is US 3892653. In some reports, anomalous hydrogen production was documented. Most likely, the SHT device, if there is any anomaly at all - involves using a consumable reactive metal or alloy, very much like the Pacheco device. In either case, there is the remote possibility that the consumable can be partially recycled in situ if the gain is strong. Here is an Armenian paper, sent to me by a party who wants to see credit given where credit is due, but it does not propose a superoxide or even a net gain. http://syreen.gov.sy/archive/docs/File/ICRE8-5-2010/ICRE-ARTICLES/Fuel%20cel ls%20and%20Hydrogen%20Energy/009-116.pdf <http://www.rexresearch.com/pacheco/pacheco.htm> At any rate, a few researchers thought that that the Pacheco hydrogen anomaly was related to producing a superoxide, such as this net reaction, which can be recycled (the magnesium will be present as part of ionic complex (not shown) instead of as a free atom): Mg + 4 H2O → 4 H2 + Mg(O2) 2 But there is no proof of this, and superoxides are unstable, rare and tricky, even explosive - and moreover, there is an inherent violation of CoE if this were to be accomplished robustly without an outside energy input. That is where LENR/ZPE comes into the picture. It would be sad to think that SHT had actually found a real anomaly in being able to split water into a superoxide mode on a regular gainful basis - but instead of having that gain verified scientifically, they have tried to build a scam on top of it by vastly overstating the case and hiding the use of a consumable, which provides most of the energy. It would be equally sad to not give “someone” from Armenia credit, if they have actually done this correctly - and are in a legal struggle to set thing right. As they say in Yerevan «Ով գիտի»
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