Tom Clarke *The Coulomb barrier is worse than it seems: the timescale of nuclear reactions means that the required energy must be available within a small volume (a single nucleus) there is no way for collective behaviour of multiple nuclei to participate in this because they are too far away.*
The character of the EMF produced by SPPs can be deduced by understanding that in order for a SPP soliton to form, charge must be delocalize from the SPP soliton through fractionalization of the properties of the electron. What remains is spin. An anapole magnetic field is projected from the entangled and coherent SPP soliton which acts remotely to irradiate multiple target nuclei for transmutation. These target nuclei could be the hydrogen atoms confined in a Rydberg crystal. The limits of this remote reaction distance are subject to the inverse square law of EMF.
