Ok Ronni, I did find one setting unchecked and reset that.
Mail has a lot of folders which seem to repeat Gmail. There's a folder in 
MAILBOXES for inbox, drafts, sent, junk, trash and archive. All of these gave 
Gmail sub folders. 
Then this seems to be all repeated in a GMAIL folder when I scroll down.
Until now at least, I had to open these to make sure that I hadn't missed any 
mail incoming.
Fingers crossed it won't happen again.
Cheers Marcus 

Sent from Marcus iPhone 5S

> On 23 Jul 2014, at 8:12 pm, Ronni Brown <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> Hello Marcus,
> 
> I don't know how you originally setup & configured your web Gmail in your 
> Google Account... or what settings you have...
> Do you have default settings such as:
> Log in to your Gmail account (using this link or whichever URL
> you normally use for a Google Apps account with a custom domain).
> 
> From the gear <page71image8720.jpeg>pop-up menu at the top of the page, 
> choose Settings, and then click Forwarding and POP/IMAP.
> 
> In the IMAP Access section, make sure Enable IMAP is selected.
> 
> Leave all other settings unchanged. But, if you’ve previously changed any of 
> the defaults, this is a good time to put them back.
> 
> Under “When I mark a message in IMAP as deleted,” make sure “Auto-Expunge on 
> - Immediately update the server. (default)” is selected.
> 
> Under “Folder Size Limits,” make sure “Do not limit the number of messages in 
> an IMAP folder (default)” is selected.
> 
> If you made any changes, click Save Changes, and then go to the Labels tab:
> 
>  Make sure all the Show in IMAP checkboxes for All Mail, Sent Mail, Drafts, 
> All Mail, Spam, and Trash are selected. (The rest are up to you.) 
> 
>  Gmail works best with Mavericks Mail when you leave everything at its 
> default—such as not hiding the All Mail label, as was once a good idea.
> 
> Limit concurrent logins. 
> Gmail permits 15 simultaneous IMAP connections for each account. That sounds 
> like a lot, but a single copy of Mail uses up several of those at once (in an 
> effort to be more efficient). 
> If you log in to the same Gmail account on a couple of computers and a couple 
> of iOS devices, you can quickly chew up all of those allowed connections, 
> after which one or more of your devices will stop connecting and start giving 
> you error messages. 
> So, try to reduce the number of devices logged in to your Gmail account at 
> once.
> 
> Cheers,
> Ronni
> 
>> On 23 Jul 2014, at 4:24 pm, Marcus F Harris <[email protected]> wrote:
>> 
>> Thanks Ronni,
>> That's understood & thanks.
>>  I should have been more explicit in my email though, because the issue is 
>> that many but not all incoming Gmail is depositing straight into the Gmail 
>> trash. Do you think this could be because I have previously opened Gmail on 
>> another device before checking on the desk top?
>> Cheers
>> Marcus
>> 
>> Sent from Marcus iPhone 5 latest iOS
>> 
>>> On 23 Jul 2014, at 12:53 pm, Ronni Brown <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> 
>>> Hello Marcus,
>>> 
>>>> Gmail messages are arbitrarily depositing in Gmail Trash.
>>> 
>>> I'll try to explain what I think might be happening.
>>> 
>>> Mail in Mavericks automatically uses the correct Gmail mailboxes for 
>>> Drafts, Sent, Junk, and Trash, without the extra setup steps that were 
>>> formerly required. 
>>> However, as of 10.9.2, you’re free to choose different mailboxes to serve 
>>> these purposes, and you can even opt not to store such messages on the 
>>> server at all.
>>> 
>>> How Mail handles Gmail as compared to other IMAP providers. If you’re used 
>>> to a conventional IMAP account, you’ll notice that Gmail behaves almost the 
>>> same in Mail, with a few exceptions
>>> 
>>> Drafts behave differently. When you compose a message in a regular IMAP 
>>> account, Mail automatically saves a copy in your Drafts mailbox every 30 
>>> seconds as well as whenever you manually click Save as Draft. 
>>> 
>>> Each time a new draft is saved, Mail deletes any previous draft of that 
>>> message (without moving it to a Trash mailbox), so you see only one draft 
>>> in your Drafts mailbox.
>>> 
>>> When you compose a message in your Gmail account, Mail still saves a draft 
>>> every 30 seconds, and still deletes any previous draft. 
>>> However, instead of previous drafts disappearing altogether, they show up 
>>> in your Trash mailbox. 
>>> As a result, if you spend 10 minutes writing a message in your Gmail 
>>> account in Mail, you could see 20 drafts of that message in your Trash 
>>> mailbox! 
>>> This behavior isn’t harmful—just empty your Trash every so often, or set up 
>>> automatic Trash emptying (in Mail > Preferences > Accounts > Account Name > 
>>> Mailbox Behaviors, choose anything other than Never from the Permanently 
>>> Erase Deleted Messages When pop-up menu).
>>> 
>>> 
>>> Cheers,
>>> Ronni
>>> 
>>> 17" MacBook Pro 2.3GHz Quad-Core i7 “Thunderbolt"
>>> 2.3GHz / 8GB / 750GB @ 7200rpm HD
>>> 
>>> OS X 10.9.4 Mavericks
>>> Windows 7 Ultimate (under sufferance)
>>> 
>>>> On 23 Jul 2014, at 12:12 pm, Marcus F Harris <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>> 
>>>> Hi Folks,
>>>> I use Apple Mail, but we have a Gmail account for personal correspondence.
>>>> For some reason, which I would like to know from WAMUG correspondents, 
>>>> Gmail messages are arbitrarily depositing in Gmail Trash.
>>>> I haven’t set up any rules for this, so I am at a loss to find a solution. 
>>>> I know I could simply “select all” and move them out of Gmail Trash, but 
>>>> that seems to be an ad hoc solution.
>>>> Any advice welcome.
>>>> Cheers
>>>> Marcus
>>>> Marcus Harris
>>>> P.O. Box 7135
>>>> Marcus Harris
>>>> Shenton Park
>>>> Western Australia 6008
>>>> Australia
>>>> Cryptodome Pty Ltd
>>>> [email protected]
>>>> Mob: +61 (0) 417965618
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> iMac Desktop OSX 10.9.4
> 
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