The war of ideas fared little better at the State Department. To run public
diplomacy, Secretary of State Colin Powell brought in Charlotte Beers, the
only person to have served as chairman of two of the top 10 worldwide
advertising agencies. But her workplace, as she later put it, was "a clumsy
camel" of an agency--skilled, even brilliant, at dealing with other
governments but shy and slow-footed at taking its case to the masses. Worse,
the surviving USIA staffers, she found, were a demoralized lot, spread
across a bureaucracy that cared little about their work. Nor was there much
money.

The entire annual budget for public diplomacy was equal to what the
Pentagon spent in a day. Despite White House utterances about winning the
war of ideas, it was a tough sell, even for one of the world's top ad
people. "We were asking them to deal with intangible values like emotion,
religion, and trust," she told U.S. News . "It wasn't easy." Beers poured
what funds she had into a pilot project to open doors overseas--TV clips
showcasing the lives of Muslim Americans. While criticized in the press, the
spots actually played well with Muslims abroad, studies showed. But after 18
months, Beers had seen enough. She quit in March 2003, just as U.S. troops
headed into Iraq.

To millions of Muslims, Washington's toppling of Saddam seemed to confirm
the imperialist caricature painted by its worst enemies: an America that
invades and occupies an oil-rich Arab nation, thumbs its nose at the world,
supports Israel at the expense of the Palestinians, calls for democracy but
relies on strongmen from Egypt to Pakistan. "The U.S. could have the prophet
Muhammad doing public relations, and it wouldn't help," argued Osama
Siblani, publisher of the weekly Arab American News in Dearborn, Mich. "I
don't believe that people hate movie stars and Burger King. They hate what
the U.S. is doing to their lives."

Regardless of where one stood on the Iraq war, it was clear Washington
needed to do a far better job at getting out its message. Complaints were
piling up at the White House: In fighting for hearts and minds, America had
no strategy and few resources for the job. It fell to the National Security
Council, charged with coordinating the government's sprawling national
security apparatus, to sort things out. Under then National Security Adviser
Condoleezza Rice, officials in mid-2002 formed two interagency committees,
whose members were to include the government's top specialists in waging the
war of ideas. The first, on "strategic communication," focused on public
diplomacy; the other, on "information strategy," was created by classified
memorandum and handled covert activity. Neither group fared well.

Those working on covert plans tried to jump-start an information offensive
that would discredit al Qaeda and its allies. One staffer, Arnold Abraham,
ran a panel designed to attack Islamist propaganda. In a paper last year at
the National War College, Abraham wrote that his group "developed 50
different position papers with proposed courses of action, but despite very
positive feedback on content, only a mere handful of the actions were
operationalized." The number of proposals later topped 100, sources say, and
almost none were taken seriously by their bosses. Among the ideas: using
music, comics, poetry, and the Internet to get across America's views to the
Arab world.





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