Wikipedia has a pretty good (though complex) explanation of filming with one 
camera:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-camera_setup

Also, Richard Kelly's book, "The Andy Griffith Show" has a good explanation.

Here's mine: Basically, it involves using just a single camera at a time to 
film a scene. That means that all the scenes inside the courthouse looking from 
behind Andy's desk towards the cells would be filmed since the wall behind Andy 
with the maps has been removed to accomodate the camera. Then the camera is 
repositioned looking towards Andy's desk, the wall is replaced and those same 
scenes are filmed again. To make it even more involved, the first scene for 
each setup is called the "Master" shot which usually includes everyone in the 
shot (say Andy, Barney, and Opie all together in the Courthouse). They run 
through the scene saying their lines and then filming is halted while lighting 
is adjusted and the camera is repositioned to focus on one or two of the actors 
(a "Two shot"). The two actors would then run through the scene again reciting 
the same lines. Then finally adjustments are made for lighting and camera 
position, and the "close-ups" are filmed focusing solely on the individual 
actor. The same lines are recited, usually with the off camera actor going 
through the scene as if he were on camera. Andy Griffith once said that when 
Ron Howard had to leave the set to go to school, they would film all his scenes 
and close-ups, and then when it would appear Andy was talking to Opie 
(individual shots back and forth between Andy and Opie), Andy was actually just 
talking to a box or broomstick set up off camera where Opie would have been in 
the previously filmed "Master" or "Two shot." Because of all the 
stopping/starting of filming, repositioning sets and camera, adjusting 
lighting, etc. it took them  approximately three days to film a half hour 
episode of the show with one day devoted to exterior scenes of "Mayberry" at 40 
acres in Culver City. The film editor would then take all the footage and 
"assemble" or edit it to appear as if it were seamless. I think they did a 
pretty good job on TAGS!

Robbie
Barnwell
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