To take Jon's explanation a bit further, security functions even in the abscene 
of a user. Firewalls and av are on the machine and function without a user 
logged on. That is to say, when a machine is up and running the firewall would 
block attempts to access the machine in accordance with the rule set it 
operates under. The av could run regular scans, including downloading updates 
and even rebooting without a user being logged on; very common on corporate 
networks. 

When a user does log on, additional security may or may not be imposed. For 
home users who typically log on with administrator privileges there are not, 
generally, additional restrictrions. Other users may operate with machine based 
or network based additional restrictions. 

For example, patental guidance systems impose additional restrictions on users. 
One could combine such restrictions with a user that has limited installation 
rights. On a corporate system there are often restrictions on mailbox size and 
on web site access. 

It's an interplay of 3 levels and types of security: user, machine and network. 
That's what makes it so flexible and in turn so aggravating to figure and so 
vulnerable. Just when you think you have it figured out you'll ready a piece 
which will make you think you are totally vulnerable and that it just isn't 
worth even trying.  But have no fear because "the sun will come out tomorrow. 
Bet your bottom dollar". And you'll patch and go on.

drew
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