My experience with rPI SD cards. The following refers to Windows/PC with a 
SD card slot or with a USB SD card reader/writer.

*1) Backup, Image or Cloning *- to equal or larger SD card

*Win32DiskImager* - https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/

Win32DiskImager is the "to-go" option for rPI SD cards disk imaging, backup 
or cloning. It creates a 'perfect' image as it copies 'bit-by-bit' data 
clusters to an IMG file. Thus, it creates a file as big as the Card size 
itself as it even 'copies empty cluster data'.

But bigger, not always better.
As SD storage size prices keeps following, its easy to get tempted to slide 
a very large SD card into rPI, and I took this bait when upgrading to 
rPI-4. I placed a 64Gb SD Card, but turned out that only used a small 
fraction of the card storage (~7%, for WeeWx, MQTT, wx-database, 
Belchertown skin, InfluxDB, Grafana, etc).
On the other side, it takes long to Backup and creates very large IMG files.

Thus, Win32DiskImager can transfer IMG to same or larger SD card, where the 
extra space would be "unallocated" and needs to be expanded (raspi-config).


*2) Transfer to Smaller SD Card*

Transfer to a Smaller SD Card is possible and there are different 
approaches pending OS, Software or more than 1 SD card slot.
The easiest (and free) way I found was through '*Paragon Backup & Recovery*' 
- https://www.paragon-software.com/us/free/br-free/#
Paragon creates a 'recovery-point file' that saves only the actual data 
from SD card that can be transferred back to "any size" SD card, 
same/smaller/larger (data usage considered).

This worked perfect in my case, and now have a better size-fit SD card 
running on rPI=4 for WeeWX.

Xant

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