Dear Respected,
Since some of us were born the health issue and the tobacco disaster has been
looming in the some of the developing countries like the Uganda Zimbabwe
formerly Rhodesia and several others. Tobacco was found the best cash crop that
can easily generate and build up a good a economy, yet countries that were well
knowledgeable about health issue were silent. It is very difficult to
understand the meaning of African Union (AU). If you go to world health
organization statistics for different diseases you may not find some of the
records of such things, like Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, Sudden infants death
Syndrome and several others. The growth of technology and modernization of
culture today has brought about many changes in developing and developed
countries. In the past centuries African women and young men were restricted
from smoking by the elders but because of modernization of freedom it has
become a big trouble for such restrictions. However from the developing
countries with its freedom it has brought many and uncontrollable chronic
diseases that were those years can not be seen in the developing countries.
Chronic disease that were got from smoking tobacco and other substance of abuse
were rear to get in most African countries except countries like Egypt, Nigeria
and South Africa including Algeria to mention few. In most African countries
in Africa it’s very difficult to get statistics or record of women smoking and
drinking. Cigarette smoking was initiated and adopted by men in African
countries from the developed countries. If a proper assessment done today It
may be discovered that until today smoking cigarette is mostly found from those
who are rich even substance abuse and alcohol abuse. Women who used to smoke
and drink were an elderly woman who has stopped their menopause and are no more
bearing children. As a result talking about epidemic of tobacco related
diseases that are expanding people in African countries does not accept or
agree. Tobacco use has become the major health issue for reproductive women in
African continent. The health effects of smoking in a population only become
fully pronounced about a half-century after the habit is adopted by a sizeable
percentage of young adults. Thus in African countries what is known about the
health risk among African women eg child deformation syndrome and several other
defects. Despite the paucity of epidemiologic data on women in developing
countries smoking will continue to spread so long as the western culture
continuing to be adopted. The infants of mothers who smoke during pregnancy
have a birth weight that is lower, on average, than infants born to nonsmoking
women and they are more likely to be small for gestational age. Risks of
stillbirth neonatal death and sudden infant death syndrome are also greater
among the offspring of women who smoke. In addition, it appears that
breastfeeding is less common or of shorter duration among women who smoke than
among female nonsmokers and those smokers who breastfeed may produce less
breast milk than nonsmokers. There are numerous effects of exposure to
second-hand smoke on the health of children, particularly with respect to ear
infections, lung function and asthma; these are reviewed elsewhere in this
monograph in the chapter on environmental tobacco smoke. Older children and
adolescents who are active smokers have increased risks of respiratory illness,
cough, and phlegm production, slower rates of lung growth, reduced lung
function and poorer lipid profiles than their nonsmoking counterparts. Effects
of smoking on reproductive women and menstrual function compared with
nonsmoking women, smokers are more likely to experience primary and secondary
infertility and delays in conceiving. Women who use oral contraceptives are
particularly at the elevated risk of coronary heart disease if they smoke, some
research indicated use of oral contraceptives alone is associated with moderate
increase in coronary heart disease risk and the risk is 20 to 40 fold greater
among women who both used oral contraceptives and smoked heavily compared who
do not smoke. It is with to pregnancy outcome women who smoke are at risk of
premature membrane rupture and abruption placenta premature separation of the
implanted placenta from the uterine wall, placenta previa partial or total
obstruction by the cervical and preterm delivery. Further more the infants
have lower average birth weight and are increased risk of prenatal mortality
than are than are infants of nonsmoking women. The prevalence of smoking
during pregnancy exceed 20- 30 percent in developed countries compared to
African countries even though the numbers are increasing in the developing
countries. Because of serious health consequences more motivating efforts and
outreach educational programs should be implemented to pregnant women to ensure
the health of newborns to help pregnant women quit smoking cigarettes to
prevent postpartum relapse and these should be a priority program for mental
health /substance abuse public health. The inhalation of tobacco smoke by
nonsmokers has been variable referred to as passive smoking or involuntary
smoking. Cigarette smoking contains particles and gases generated by the
combustion of tobacco, paper and additives at high temperatures. The smoke
that inhaled by nonsmokers also contaminates indoor spaces as well as outdoor
environments and has often been referred to as environmental tobacco smoke or
abbreviated as ETS. The smoke is the mixture of side stream smoke released by
that smoldering cigarette and the mainstream smoke that is inhaled by the
smoker. Side stream smoke generated at lower temperature and more reduced
conditions that is mainstream smoke, tends to have higher concentrations of
many of the toxins in cigarettes smoke. However it is rapidly diluted as it
travels away from the burning cigarette. But the environmental tobacco smoke is
an inherently dynamic mixture that changes in characteristic and concentration
from the time it is formed and the distance it has traveled as well.
African Estimated smoking prevalence both men and women.
12 Algeria (1980) 53 10
16 South Africa (1995) 52 17
28 Mauritius 1992 47.2 3.7
51 Egypt (1986) 39.8 1
52 Morocco (1990) 39.6 9.1
53 Lesotho (1989) 38.3 1
82 Nigeria (1990) 24.4 6.7
82 Nigeria (1990) 24.4 6.7
> Date: Fri, 4 Jun 2010 11:55:55 +0300
> From: [email protected]
> To: [email protected]
> CC: [email protected]
> Subject: [WestNileNet] RE: WestNileNet Digest, Vol 22, Issue 10
>
> Hey,
>
> I cannot see the attachment as it was scoured from your E-mail. Please,
> repost.
>
> Thank you,
>
> SKO
> -----Original Message-----
> From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]]
> Sent: Friday, June 04, 2010 11:18 AM
> To: [email protected]
> Subject: WestNileNet Digest, Vol 22, Issue 10
>
> Send WestNileNet mailing list submissions to
> [email protected]
>
> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
> http://orion.kym.net/mailman/listinfo/westnilenet
> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
> [email protected]
>
> You can reach the person managing the list at
> [email protected]
>
> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
> than "Re: Contents of WestNileNet digest..."
>
>
> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Training Opportunities? ([email protected])
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Fri, 4 Jun 2010 11:17:19 +0300
> From: <[email protected]>
> Subject: [WestNileNet] Training Opportunities?
> To: <[email protected]>
> Message-ID:
> <[email protected]>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>
> Skipped content of type multipart/alternative-------------- next part
> --------------
> An embedded message was scrubbed...
> From: <[email protected]>
> Subject: Strategic HR Africa Forum
> Date: Wed, 2 Jun 2010 18:50:58 +0300
> Size: 54314
> Url:
> http://orion.kym.net/pipermail/westnilenet/attachments/20100604/a8e8e1d3
> /attachment.mht
>
> ------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> WestNileNet mailing list
> [email protected]
> http://orion.kym.net/mailman/listinfo/westnilenet
>
>
> End of WestNileNet Digest, Vol 22, Issue 10
> *******************************************
>
> This message (and any associated files) is intended only for the use of
> the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain
> information that is confidential, proprietary, subject to copyright or
> constitutes legally privileged information. If you are not the intended
> recipient you are hereby notified that any dissemination, copying,
> printing or distribution of this message, or files associated with this
> message, is Illegal. If you have received this message in error, please
> notify us immediately by replying to the message and deleting it from
> your computer. Medical Research Council reserves the right to monitor
> all communications through its networks. Any views expressed in this
> message are those of the individual sender, except where the message
> states otherwise and the sender states them to be the views of any such
> entity
> _____________________________________________________________________
> This email has been scanned by the MessageLabs Email Security System.
> For more information please visit http://www.messagelabs.com/email
> ______________________________________________________________________
> _______________________________________________
> WestNileNet mailing list
> [email protected]
> http://orion.kym.net/mailman/listinfo/westnilenet
>
> WestNileNet is generously hosted by INFOCOM http://www.infocom.co.ug/
>
> All Archives can be found at http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/
>
> The above comments and data are owned by whoever posted them (including
> attachments if any). The List's Host is not responsible for them in any way.
> _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
The New Busy is not the too busy. Combine all your e-mail accounts with Hotmail.
http://www.windowslive.com/campaign/thenewbusy?tile=multiaccount&ocid=PID28326::T:WLMTAGL:ON:WL:en-US:WM_HMP:042010_4_______________________________________________
WestNileNet mailing list
[email protected]
http://orion.kym.net/mailman/listinfo/westnilenet
WestNileNet is generously hosted by INFOCOM http://www.infocom.co.ug/
All Archives can be found at http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/
The above comments and data are owned by whoever posted them (including
attachments if any). The List's Host is not responsible for them in any way.
_______________________________________________
