Hee is a specification of the Winrad modes of operation, the currently
implemented winrad screen frequency control, and the functions of the DLLs
v1.12

Winrad Modes of Operation and Notes on Using Winrad

Complex spectral displays are similar to but not quite the same as a spectrum
analyzer or a panadapter display. The center of a spectrum analyzer displays the
tuned frequency of the receiver or analyzer and the information is valid at all
frequencies. A complex spectral display cannot provide any information about
signals located at the center ferquency or close in when there is phase noise
on the local oscillators. The reduced accuracy area is entirely dependent on the
phase noise of all the local oscillators in the receive system. If the receiver
is a single direct conversion HF receiver, and the local oscillator is low
phase noise, then you may see signals or modulation as close as 10Hz from the
center. If you are using a multiple IF system receiving at 10GHz or higher, then
it is likely that you will mask any signals on the screen from at least -100Hz
to +100Hz of the center frequency and may even extend further if the phase
noise of the receiver is high. You could put the suppressed carier frequency of
a SSB signal at the center and it will not hamper listening to the modulation
either above or below the center. But a CW signal or steady carrier at the exact
center would not be received. It is suggested that you move your signals of
interest outside of the deaf center band.

Therefore, as implemented in Linrad specifically with the WSE hardware, it is
useful to move the local oscillator and receive frequency in large discrete
steps. These steps only need to be smaller than the full displayed bandwidth so
that an overlap of coverage is provided by adjacent steps. This is not a
requirement and some operators prefer "tuning knob" operation by using the
mouse wheel to move the entire display window. Large steps are more often used
at VHF and higher, and small tuning steps are more useful at HF. This is partly
due to the local oscillator implementations.



Winrad Native Mode

In this mode, no hardware DLLs are loaded and the only control between Winrad
and any hardware is the selection of the soundcards, their modes, and their
sampling rates.

The center and LO frequency displayed on the Winrad screen are set manually by
the operator using the mouse and its wheel, if present. The operator only needs
to set the LO frequency on the screen if he wants to read the true signal
frequency that is read by the mouse cursor position. If the LO frequency is left
at zero, then the cursor readout will be a positive or a negative number at
baseband.



Winrad Mode 2

In this mode, a DLL unique to the specific receiver or transceiver is loaded.
This hardware has a complex baseband output and if capable of transmit, also has
a complex baseband input. Whether the hardware is a synthesized softrock or is a
multiple IF superheterodyne such as the WSE hardware, the LO or receive
frequency is communicated to Winrad via the loaded DLL. It is then displayed on
the Winrad screen. This frequency may be one fixed frequency or may be
adjustable in any step size. It is recommended but not required that the steps
be in 50KHz increments for 96KHz soundcards or 100KHz for 192KHz soundcards.
The operator may change the LO frequency using the mouse by adjusting the
numeric display on the Winrad screen. This change to the LO frequency will be
communicated to your hardware via the loaded DLL. By also pressing the CTRL key
when you are changing the frequency digits (Winrad ver 1.25 and later) you will
simultaneously change the internal software oscillator of Winrad so the
reception frequency will remain in the same.

If the only control of the hardware is its frequency, then no gui is required
and the DLL is simple. If the hardware also controls other functions such as
antenna selector, RF pre-selectors, attenuators, and pre-amplifiers, then a DLL
with a gui window must be written since those are not on the Winrad screen.

If the hardware is capable of transmit, then a means of controlling and
communicating a separate transmit frequency must be provided.



Winrad Mode 3

Some hardware such as the SDR-14, SDR-IQ, the HPSDR and Phil Covington projects
have wideband general coverage, a built-in digital downconverter, and built-in
digital to analog converters, usually with non-standard sampling rates. Thus no
high sampling rate input soundcard is needed. The custom DLL for that hardware
needs to have a gui and a separate screen because it must control the frequency,
the sampling rate, and antenna selector, RF pre-selectors, attenuators, and
pre-amplifiers. A very modest soundcard is needed for the audio output. This can
be the one built on your computer's motherboard.

Winrad and Transmit Control

When appropriate hardware is available, an extended version of Winrad will be
developed. In addition to DLL control of the hardware functions, the frequency
of the transmitter must be be displayed since most operating is split frequency.
The T/R timing will also control which Winrad processes are running.



73,

Jeffrey Pawlan, WA6KBL  and Alberto, I2PHD












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