WHEN YOU NEED:
1 t. baking powder
USE:
1/2 t. cream of tarter + 1/4 t. baking soda.

1 c. buttermilk
1 t. lemon juice or vinegar + enough milk to measure one c.

1 c. cake flour
7/8 c. all-purpose flour.

1 T. cornstarch
2 T. all-purpose flour.

3/4 c. cracker crumbs
1 c. bread crumbs.

1 c. dark corn syrup
3/4 c. light corn syrup + 1/4 c. molasses.

1 garlic clove, minced
1/8 t. garlic powder.

1 t. garlic salt
1/8 t. garlic powder + 7/8 t. salt.

1 c. half-and -half cream
1 T. melted butter + enough whole milk to ==1 c.

1 c. honey
1 1/4 c. sugar + 1/4 c. liquid.

1 t. lemon juice
1/4 t. cider vinegar.

1 t. lemon peel
1/2 t. lemon extract.

1 c. light corn syrup
1 c. sugar + 1 c. liquid.

1 c. molasses
1 c. honey.

1 onion (small), chopped
1 t. onion powder or 1 T. dried minced onion.

1 T. prepared mustard
1/2 t. ground mustard + 2 t. vinegar.

1 semisweet chocolate square (1 oz.)
3 T. semisweet chocolate chips or 1 square (1 oz.) unsweetened chocolate + 1 T. sugar.

1 c. sour cream
1 c. plain yogurt.

1 c. sugar
1 c. packed brown sugar or 2 c. sifted confectioners sugar.

2 t. tapioca
1 T. all-purpose flour.

1 c. tomato juice
1/2 c. tomato sauce + 1/2 c. water.

2 c. tomato sauce.
3/4 c. tomato paste + 1 c. water.

1 unsweetened chocolate square (1 oz.)
3 T. cocoa + 1 T. shortening or oil.

1 c. whole milk
1/2 c. evaporated milk + 1/2 c. water.
 
Arrowroot,
1 1/2 teaspoons •
• 1 tablespoon all-purpose flour
1 1/2 teaspooons cornstarch



Baking Powder ,
1 teaspoon • 1/2 teaspooon cream of tartar plus 1/4 teaspoon baking soda



Chocolate semisweet ,
1 ounce • 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate plus 1 tablespoon sugar



Chocolate unsweetened,
1 ounce or square • 3 tablespoons cocoa plus 1 tablespoon fat



Chocolate chips,
semisweet, 1 ounce •
1 ounce square semisweet chocolate



Chocolate chips,
semisweet, 6-ounce package • 2 ounces unsweetened chocolate, 2 tablespoons melted shortening plus 1/2 cup sugar



Cocoa,
1/4 cup • 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate (decrease fat in recipe by 1/2 tablespoon)



Coconut flaked,
1 tablespoon • 1 1/2 tablespoons grated fresh coconut



Coconut cream,
1 cup • 1 cup whipping cream



Coconut milk,
1 cup • 1 cup whole or reduced-fat milk



Corn syrup, light ,
1 cup •
• 1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup water
1 cup honey



Cornstarch,
1 tablespoon • 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour or granular tapioca



Flour all-purpose,
1 tablespoon • 1 1/2 teaspoons cornstarch, potato starch, or rice starch
• 1 tablespoon rice flour or corn flour
• 1 1/2 tablespoons whole wheat flour
• 1/2 tablespoon whole wheat flour plus 1/2 tablespoon all-purpose flour



Flour all-purpose,
1 cup sifted

Note: Specialty flours added to yeast bread will result in a reduced volume and a heavier product. • 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons sifted cake flour
• 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour (unsifted)
• 1 1/2 cups breadcrumbs
• 1 cup rolled oats
• 1/3 cup cornmeal or soybean flour plus 2/3 cup all-purpose flour
• 3/4 cup whole wheat flour or bran flour plus 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
• 1 cup rye or rice flour
• 1/4 cup soybean flour plus 3/4 cup all-purpose flour
• 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
• 1 cup all-purpose flour, 1 teaspoon baking powder plus 1/2 teaspoon salt



Flour cake, 1 cup sifted
self-rising, 1 cup
• 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons sifted cake flour
• 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour (unsifted)



Marshmallows,
cream, 7-ounce jar

miniature, 1 cup




16-ounce package marshmallows, melted, plus 3 1/2 tablespoons light corn syrup
• 10 large



Pecans,
chopped, 1 cup •

1 cup regular oats, toasted (in baked products)



Shortening,
melted, 1 cup

solid, 1 cup (used in baking)



1 cup cooking oil (do not use cooking oil if recipe does not call for melted shortening)
• 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons lard
• 1 1/8 cups butter or margarine (decrease salt called for in recipe by 1/2 teaspoon)



Sugar,
brown, 1 cup firmly packed maple, 1/2 cup powdered, 1 cup

granulated white, 1 teaspoon
granulated white, 1 cup

1 cup granulated white sugar
• 1 cup maple syrup
• 1 cup sugar plus 1 tablespoon cornstarch (processed in food processor)
• 1/8 teaspoon noncaloric sweetener solution or follow manufacturer's directions
• 1 cup corn syrup (decrease liquid called for in recipe by 1/4 cup)
• 1 cup firmly packed brown sugar
• 1 cup honey (decrease liquid called for in recipe by 1/4 cup)



Tapioca,
granular, 1 tablespoon • 1 1/2 teaspoons cornstarch
• 1 tablespoon all-purpose flour



Yeast,
active dry, 1 (1/4-ounce) package • 1 tablespoon active dry yeast



DAIRY PRODUCTS



Butter,
1 cup • 7/8 to 1 cup shortening or lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt
• 1 cup margarine (2 sticks; do not substitue whipped or low-fat margarine)



Cream
heavy (30% to 40% fat), 1 cup

light (15% to 20% fat), 1 cup

half-and-half, 1 cup


whipped

3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter or margarine (for cooking and baking; will not whip)
• 3/4 cup milk plus 3 tablespoons butter or margarine (for cooking and baking)
• 1 cup evaporated milk, undiluted
• 7/8 cup milk plus 1/2 tablespoon butter or margarine (for cooking and baking)
• 1 cup evaporated milk, undiluted
• 1 (13-ounce) can evaporated milk (chilled 12 hours). Add 1 teaspoon lemon juice. Whip until stiff.



Egg
1 large



2 large
1 egg white (2 tablespoons)

1 egg yolk ( 1 1/2 tablespoons)


2 egg yolks (for custard and cream filling)
• 2 egg yoks plus 1 tablespoon water (for cookies)
• 1/4 cup egg substitute
• 3 small eggs
• 2 tablespoons egg substitute
• 2 teaspoons sifted, dry egg white powder plus 2 tablespoon warm water
• 2 tablespoons sifted dry egg yolk powder plus 2 teaspoons water
• 1 1/2 tablespoons thawed frozen egg yolk



Milk
buttermilk, 1 cup





fat free, 1 cup



whole, 1 cup



sweetened condensed, 1 (14-ounce) can (about 1 1/4 cups)

sweetened condensed, 1 cup

1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice plus whole milk to make 1 cup (let stand 10 minutes)
• 1 cup plain yogurt
• 1 cup whole milk plus 1 3/4 teaspoons cream of tartar
• 4 to 5 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder plus enough water to make 1 cup
• 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water
• 4 to 5 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder plus enough water to make 1 cup
• 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water
• Heat the following ingredients until sugar and butter dissolve: 1/3 cup plus 2 tablespoons evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar, 3 tablespoons butter or margarine
• Heat the following ingredients until sugar and butter dissolve: 1/3 cup evaporated milk, 3/4 cup sugar, 2 tablespoons butter or margarine
• Add 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons nonfat dry milk powder to 1/2 cup warm water. Mix well. Add 3/4 cup sugar, and stir until smooth.



Sour Cream ,
1 cup • 1 cup plain yogurt plus 3 tablespoons melted butter
• 1 cup plain yogurt plus 1 tablespoon cornstarch
• 1 tablespoon lemon juice plus evaporated milk to equal 1 cup



Yogurt ,
1 cup (plain) • 1 cup buttermilk



FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS



Lemon,
1 medium

juice, 1 teaspoon
peel, dried, 1 teaspoon

2 to 3 tablespoons juice plus 2 teaspoons grated rind
• 1/2 teaspoon vinegar
• 2 teaspoons freshly grated lemon rind
• 1/2 teaspoon lemon extract



Orange,
1 medium

peel, dried, 1 tablespoon

1/2 cup juice plus 2 tablespoons grated rind
• 1 1/2 teaspoons orange extract



Mushrooms,
1 pound fresh • 1 (8-ounce) can sliced mushrooms, drained
• 3 ounces dried mushrooms, rehydrated



Onions,
chopped, 1 medium • 1 tablespoon dried minced onion
• 1 tablespoon onion powder



Pepper,
red or green bell, chopped, 3 tablespoons
red bell, chopped, 3 tablespoons

1 tablespoon dried sweet red or green pepper flakes
• 2 tablespoons chopped pimiento



Shallots,
chopped, 3 tablespoons

2 tablespoons chopped onion plus 1 tablespoon chopped garlic



Tomatoes,
fresh, chopped, 2 cups
juice, 1 cup

1 (16-ounce) can (may need to drain)
• 1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water



Tomato Sauce,
2 cups

3/4 cup tomato paste plus 1 cup water



MISCELLANEOUS



Broth, beef or chicken
canned broth, 1 cup



powdered broth base, 1 teaspoon
powdered broth base, 1 teaspoon dissolved in 1 cup water

1 bouillon cube dissolved in 1 cup boiling water
• 1 teaspoon powdered broth base dissolved in 1 cup boiling water
• 1 bouillon cube


1 cup canned or homemade broth
• 1 bouillon cube dissolved in 1 cup boiling water



Chili sauce,
1 cup • 1 cup tomato sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 tablespoons vinegar, 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon, dash of ground cloves plus dash of ground allspice



Gelatin,
flavored, 3-ounce package • 1 tablespoon unflavored gelatin plus 2 cups fruit juice



Honey,
1 cup • 1 1/4 cups sugar plus 1/4 cup water



Ketchup,
1 cup • 1 cup tomato sauce, 1/2 cup sugar plus 2 tablespoons vinegar (for cooking)



Macaroni,
uncooked, 2 cups
(4 cups cooked) • 8-ounces spaghetti, uncooked
• 4 cups fine egg noodles, uncooked



Mayonnaise,
1 cup
(for salads and dressings) • 1/2 cup plain yogurt plus 1/2 cup mayonnaise
• 1 cup sour cream
• 1 cup cottage cheese pureed in a blender



Rice,
uncooked, 1 cup regular
(3 cups cooked) • 1 cup uncooked converted rice
• 1 cup uncooked brown rice or wild rice



Vinegar,
balsamic, 1/2 cup • 1/2 cup red wine vinegar (some flavor difference)



SEASONING PRODUCTS



Allspice,
ground, 1 teaspoon • 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon plus 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves



Apple pie spice,
1 teaspoon • 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg plus 1/8 teaspoon ground cardamom



Bay Leaf,
1 whole • 1/4 teaspoon crushed bay leaf



Beau Monde seasoning,
1 teaspoon • 1 teaspoon seasoning salt or seasoned salt
• 1/2 teaspoon salt



Chives,
chopped, 1 tablespoon • 1 tablespoon chopped green onion tops



Dillweed,
fresh or dried, 3 heads • 1 tablespoon dill seed



Garlic,
1 small clove
garlic salt, 1 teaspoon • 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder or minced dried garlic
• 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder plus 7/8 teaspoon salt



Ginger,
crystallized, 1 tablespoon
fresh, grated, 1 tablespoon
ground, 1/8 teaspoon

1/8 teaspoon ground ginger
• 1/8 teaspoon ground ginger
• 1 tablespoon crystallized ginger rinsed in water to remove sugar, and finely cut
• 1 tablespoon grated fresh ginger



Herbs,
fresh, chopped, 1 tablespoon • 1 tablespoon dried herbs or 1/4 teaspoon ground herbs



Horseradish,
fresh, grated, 1 tablespoon • 2 tablespoons prepared horseradish



Mustard,
dried, 1 teaspoon • 1 tablespoon prepared mustard



Onion powder,
1 tablespoon • 1 medium onion, chopped
• 1 tablespoon dried minced onion



Parsley,
dried, 1 teaspoon • 1 tablespoon fresh parsley, chopped



Pimiento,
chopped, 2 tablespoons • rehydrate 1 tablespoon dried sweet red pepper flakes
• 2 to 3 tablespoons chopped fresh red bell pepper



Pumpkin Pie Sauce,
1 teaspoon • 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ground ginger, 1/8 teaspoon ground allspice plus 1/8 teaspoon ground nutmeg



Spearmint or peppermint,
dried, 1 tablespoon • 3 tablespoons chopped fresh mint



Vanilla bean,
1 (1 inch) • 1 teaspoon vanilla extract



Worcestershire sauce,
1 teaspoon • 1 teaspoon bottled steak sauce
.
 




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