Question: When you say you're modifying the DOM, do you mean you're modifying it after running Xalan on it, and then invoking another Xalan operation on it (eg, patching the DOM from inside an XSLT extension function, or between calls to the CachedXPathAPI)?
If so... Xalan builds a mapping from the DOM to its internal representation, and does not know when/how to update that if the DOM is altered afterward. The result can indeed be that the two models fall out of synch. ______________________________________ "... Three things are most perilous: Connectors that corrode, Unproven algorithms, and self-modifying code! ..." -- "Threes" Rev 1.1 - Duane Elms / Leslie Fish (http://www.ovff.org/pegasus/songs/threes-rev-11.html)