What I had found when investigating particles was that the capitalization of 
particles varies. Dropping particles seem to always be lowercase, but for the 
non-dropping part, the rule is different for different countries.

Here is what we have, where first string is the particle in lowercase, and then 
the dropping part, then the non-dropping part. I am not 100% sure of all that, 
but I am sure this can be combined with existing knowledge. I don't see much 
way around listing all the cases and figuring out the rules for each particle. 
I don't think there can be a general rule about capitalization, I am afraid.

Charles


// spain (??)
@"al", @"al", @"",
@"dos", @"dos", @"",
@"el", @"el", @"",
@"de las", @"de", @"Las",
@"lo", @"lo", @"",
@"les", @"les", @"",

// italy (??)
@"il", @"il", @"",
@"del", @"", @"del",
@"dela", @"dela", @"",
@"della", @"della", @"",
@"dello", @"dello", @"",
@"di", @"", @"Di",
@"da", @"", @"Da",
@"do", @"", @"Do",
@"des", @"", @"Des",
@"lou", @"", @"Lou",
@"pietro", @"", @"Pietro",

// france -- checked by Charles
@"de", @"", @"de",
@"de la", @"de", @"La",
@"du", @"du", @"",
@"d'", @"d'", @"",
@"le", @"", @"Le",
@"la", @"", @"La",
@"l'", @"", @"L'",
@"saint", @"", @"Saint",
@"sainte", @"", @"Sainte",
@"st.", @"", @"Saint",
@"ste.", @"", @"Sainte",

// holland
@"van", @"", @"van",
@"van de", @"", @"van de",
@"van der", @"", @"van der",
@"van den", @"", @"van den",
@"vander", @"", @"vander",
@"v.d.", @"", @"vander",
@"vd", @"", @"vander",
@"van het", @"", @"van het",
@"ver", @"", @"ver",
@"ten", @"ten", @"",
@"ter", @"ter", @"",
@"te", @"te", @"",
@"op de", @"op de", @"",
@"in de", @"in de", @"",
@"in 't", @"in 't", @"",
@"in het", @"in het", @"",
@"uit de", @"uit de", @"",
@"uit den", @"uit den", @"",

// germany / austria
@"von",@"von", @"",
@"von der",@"von der", @"",
@"von dem",@"von dem", @"",
@"von zu",@"von zu", @"",
@"v.", @"von", @"",
@"v", @"von", @"",
@"vom",@"vom", @"",
@"das", @"das", @"",
@"zum", @"zum", @"",
@"zur", @"zur", @"",
@"den", @"den", @"",
@"der", @"der", @"",
@"des", @"des", @"",
@"auf den", @"auf den", @"",

// scotland (?)
@"mac", @"", @"Mac",
// not really particles since they are always attached and not used for sorting 
(?)
// @"mc", @"", @"Mc", 
// @"o'", @"", @"O'",

// north africa / middle east (?)
@"ben", @"", @"Ben",
@"bin", @"", @"Bin",
@"sen", @"sen", @"",

// what to do with these ?? 
// au
// af



On Mar 19, 2013, at 1:58 AM, Frank Bennett <[email protected]> wrote:

> There has been a flurry of activity on the Zotero forums around the
> handling of name particles. The citeproc-js processor is being too
> aggressive about forcing capitals on particles, and the lack of
> control has caused frustration to users.
> 
> Discussion has led to a possible solution. It is simple to describe,
> but after implementing it in the processor, I find that it causes
> quite a few of the existing tests to break. I have made a tentative
> checkin of changes to the affected tests, so that they can be reviewed
> by the group.
> 
> The rules applied in the proposal are:
> 
> (1) The first character of a name particle in first position on the
> first-listed name in a bibliography is force to a capital letter.
> (2) A particle not in first position is always forced to lowercase.
> 
> Three new tests provide a compact illustration of the behaviour:
> 
> https://bitbucket.org/bdarcus/citeproc-test/src/de13966c0d0c8a6fec4005b46ac6a07f3f614ff7/processor-tests/humans/name_ParticleCaps1.txt?at=default
> https://bitbucket.org/bdarcus/citeproc-test/src/de13966c0d0c8a6fec4005b46ac6a07f3f614ff7/processor-tests/humans/name_ParticleCaps2.txt?at=default
> https://bitbucket.org/bdarcus/citeproc-test/src/de13966c0d0c8a6fec4005b46ac6a07f3f614ff7/processor-tests/humans/name_ParticleCaps3.txt?at=default
> 
> (The ParticleCaps3 test includes a quote-escaped family name, to bind
> the name particle as part of the name itself. If quote-escaping of off
> the map of the specification, I can remove that data from the test.)
> 
> The affected tests are linked below. If members of the group have time
> to review them, it would be a great help.
> 
> https://bitbucket.org/bdarcus/citeproc-test/commits/ad7cbfa7a378781bc6bfad33871a8a97e701379e
> 
> Frank
> 
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--
Charles Parnot
[email protected]
twitter: @cparnot
http://mekentosj.com



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