"Areopagitica"

 

John Milton

 

Speech to the Parliament of England, 1644 (extract)

- Against censorship -

 

Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much
arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but
knowledge in the making. 

 

Under these fantastic terrors of sect and schism, we wrong the earnest and
zealous thirst after knowledge and understanding which God hath stirred up
in this city. 

 

What some lament of, we rather should rejoice at, should rather praise this
pious forwardness among men, to reassume the ill-deputed care of their
religion into their own hands again. 

 

A little generous prudence, a little forbearance of one another, and some
grain of charity might win all these diligences to join, and unite in one
general and brotherly search after truth; could we but forgo this prelatical
tradition of crowding free consciences and Christian liberties into canons
and precepts of men. 

 

I doubt not, if some great and worthy stranger should come among us, wise to
discern the mould and temper of a people, and how to govern it, observing
the high hopes and aims, the diligent alacrity of our extended thoughts and
reasonings in the pursuance of truth and freedom, but that he would cry out
as Pyrrhus did, admiring the Roman docility and courage: If such were my
Epirots, I would not despair the greatest design that could be attempted, to
make a Church or kingdom happy. . . . 

 

What would ye do then? should ye suppress all this flowery crop of knowledge
and new light sprung up and yet springing daily in this city? Should ye set
an oligarchy of twenty engrossers over it, to bring a famine upon our minds
again, when we shall know nothing but what is measured to us by their
bushel? 

 

Believe it, Lords and Commons, they who counsel ye to such a suppressing do
as good as bid ye suppress yourselves; and I will soon show how. 

 

If it be desired to know the immediate cause of all this free writing and
free speaking, there cannot be assigned a truer than your own mild and free
and humane government. It is the liberty, Lords and Commons, which your own
valorous and happy counsels have purchased us, liberty which is the nurse of
all great wits; this is that which hath rarefied and enlightened our spirits
like the influence of heaven; this is that which hath enfranchised, enlarged
and lifted up our apprehensions, degrees above themselves. 

 

Ye cannot make us now less capable, less knowing, less eagerly pursuing of
the truth, unless ye first make yourselves, that made us so, less the
lovers, less the founders of our true liberty. We can grow ignorant again,
brutish, formal and slavish, as ye found us; but you then must first become
that which ye cannot be, oppressive, arbitrary and tyrannous, as they were
from whom ye have freed us. 

 

That our hearts are now more capacious, our thoughts more erected to the
search and expectation of greatest and exactest things, is the issue of your
own virtue propagated in us; ye cannot suppress that, unless ye reinforce an
abrogated and merciless law, that fathers may dispatch at will their own
children. And who shall then stick closest to ye, and excite others? not he
who takes up arms for coat and conduct, and his four nobles of Danegelt.

 

Although I dispraise not the defence of just immunities, yet love my peace
better, if that were all. Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to
argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties. 

 

And now the time in special is, by privilege to write and speak what may
help to the further discussing of matters in agitation. The temple of Janus
with his two controversial faces might now not unsignificantly be set open. 

 

And though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth,
so Truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by licensing and prohibiting,
to misdoubt her strength. 

 

Let her and Falsehood grapple; who ever knew Truth put to the worse, in a
free and open encounter? 

 

Her confuting is the best and surest suppressing. He who hears what praying
there is for light and clearer knowledge to be sent down among us, would
think of other matters to be constituted beyond the discipline of Geneva,
framed and fabricked already to our hands. 

 

Yet when the new light which we beg for shines in upon us, there be who envy
and oppose, if it come not first in at their casements. 

 

What a collusion is this, whenas we are exhorted by the wise man to use
diligence, to seek for wisdom as for hidden treasures early and late, that
another order shall enjoin us to know nothing but by statute? 

 

When a man hath been labouring the hardest labour in the deep mines of
knowledge, hath furnished out his findings in all their equipage: drawn
forth his reasons as it were a battle ranged: scattered and defeated all
objections in his way; calls out his adversary into the plain, offers him
the advantage of wind and sun, if he please, only that he may try the matter
by dint of argument: for his opponents then to skulk, to lay ambushments, to
keep a narrow bridge of licensing where the challenger should pass, though
it be valour enough in soldiership, is but weakness and cowardice in the
wars of Truth.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

 



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