Five Samaväya- (Five Causes)Introduction: Who is responsible for the
actions taking place in this world? Hegel said it is history. Marx
said it is system. Freud said it is sensual feelings and teachings of
parents.
Believers in God’s grace think that whatever happens, is as per God’s
wish. They think that a) God has created the universe, b) God manages
the universe and c) God decides who gets what.
While Jains believe that:
Nobody has created the universe. Six basic substances of the universe
are: soul (Jivästikäya), material atoms (Pudgalästikäya), the medium
of motion (Dharmästikäya), the medium of rest (Adharmästikäya), space
(Äkäshästikäya) and time (Käl)]. They are indestructible and cannot be
created. As such, soul also is indestructible. Therefore, it cannot be
created. If, God has created the universe, he has to have a desire to
create. The desire makes the God imperfect and he cannot be imperfect.
Therefore, he could not have created the universe.
Nobody manages the universe. Everything in the universe takes place in
accordance with the laws of nature.
Nobody decides who gets what. Every individual gets appropriate
consequences (or retribution) in accordance with his/her own Karma.
Samväya: Samaväy is the name given to the connection between action
and causes. Without a cause, no action can take place. There are five
causes that have a deep connection with everything taking place.
According to the Jain philosophy, there are five Samaväys (group of
factors functioning simultaneously):
Time (Käl),
Own-nature (Svabhäva),
Fate (Niyati)
Nimitta (External Substances and Karma)
Self-effort (Purushärtha)
These all are responsible for all events (changes – positive or
negative) in the universe. Only by means of these five, every event in
the universe takes place.
Some give importance to one of them and ignore others. From the
multiplicity of view- points (Anekäntaväda), the comprehensive vision
of the Jain philosophy rejects this absolutely one-sided view or the
way of viewing things from a single angle. The Jain philosophy views
and reveals the importance of every Samaväy from the multiplicity of
viewpoints (Anekäntaväda); and considers these five Samaväys as the
causes for any action or reaction. Without these five, nothing can
take place.
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Thanks and best regards
J.Suresh
New No.3, Old No.7,
Chamiers road - 1st Lane,
Alwarpet,
Chennai - 600018
Ph: 044 42030947
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