Boris: I define intelligence as an ability to predict/plan by discovering &
projecting patterns within an input flow.
IOW a capacity to generalize. A general intelligence is something that
generalizes from incoming info. about the world.
Well, no it can't be just that. Look at what you write at the end of your
blog:
"Hope this makes sense."
And it doesn't literally "make much sense" because your blog has a lot of
generalizations with no examples - no individualizations/particularisations
of, for example, what individual/particular problems your algorithms might
apply to. The "making sense" level of your brain - an AGI that works - is
the level that seeks individual examples (and exceptions) for every
generalization.
A general intelligence doesn't just generalize, it individualizes. It can
talk not just about "the field of AGI" but about Boris K, Ben G., Stephen
Reed, etc etc. And it has to, otherwise those generalizations don't "make
sense".
I'm stressing this because so many people's ideas about AGI like yours
involve only, or almost only a generalizing intelligence with no
individualizing, sensemaking level.
Boris: "Entities must not be multiplied unnecessarily". William of Okkam.
A pattern is a set of matching inputs.
A match is a partial identity of the comparands.
The comparands for general intelligence must incrementally & indefinitely
scale in complexity.
The scaling must start from the bottom: uncompressed single-integer
comparands, & the match here is the sum of bitwise AND.
For more see my blog: http://scalable-intelligence.blogspot.com/
Boris.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Richard Loosemore" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <agi@v2.listbox.com>
Sent: Thursday, May 08, 2008 1:17 PM
Subject: [agi] Re: pattern definition
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hello
I am writing a literature review on AGI and I am mentioning the
definition of pattern as explained by Ben in his work.
"A pattern is a representation of an object on a simpler scale. For
example, a pattern in a drawing of a mathematical curve could be a
program that can compute the curve from a formula (Looks et al. 2004).
My supervisor told me that "she doesn?t see how this can be simpler than
the actual drawing".
Any other definition I could use in the same context to explain to a
non-technical audience?
thanks
xav
Xav,
[I am copying this to the AGI mailing list because it is more appropriate
there than on Singularity]
A more general definition of pattern would include the idea that there is
a collection of mechanisms that take in a source of information (e.g. an
image consisting of a grid of pixels) and respond in such a way that each
mechanism 'triggers' in some way when a particular arrangement of signal
values appears in the information source.
Note that the triggering of each mechanism is the 'recognition' of a
pattern, and the mechanism in question is a 'recognizer' of a pattern.
(In this way of looking at things, there are many mechanisms, one for
each pattern). The 'particular arrangement of signal values' is the
pattern itself.
Most importantly note that a mechanism does not have to trigger for some
exact, deterministic set of signal values. For example, a mechanism
could respond in a stochastic, noisy way to a whole bunch of different
arrangements of signal values. It is allowed to be slightly
inconsistent, and not always respond in the same way to the same input
(although it would be a particularly bad pattern recognizer if it did not
behave in a reasonably consistent way!). The amount of the 'triggering'
reaction does not have to be all-or-nothing, either: the mechanism can
give a graded response.
What the above paragraph means is that the thing that we call a 'pattern'
is actually 'whatever makes a mechanism trigger', and we have to be
extremely tolerant of the fact that a wide range of different signal
arrangements will give rise to triggering ... so a pattern is something
much more amorphous and hard to define than simply *one* arrangement of
signals.
Finally, there is one more twist to this definition, which is very
important. Everything said above was about arrangements of signals in
the primary information source ... but we also allow that some mechanisms
are designed to trigger on an arrangement of other *mechanisms*, not just
primary input signals. In other words, this pattern finding system is
hierarchical, and there can be abstract patterns.
This definition of pattern is the most general one that I know of. I use
it in my own work, but I do not know if it has been explicitly published
and named by anyone else.
In this conception, patterns are defined by the mechanisms that trigger,
and further deponent sayeth not what they are, in any more fundamental
way.
And one last thing: as far as I can seem this does not easily map onto
the concept of Kolmogorov complexity. At least, the mapping is very
awkward and uninformative, if it exists. If a mechanism triggers on a
possibly stochastic, nondeterminstic set of features, it can hardly be
realised by a feasible algorithm, so talking about a pattern as an
algorithm that can generate the source seems, to me at least, to be
unworkable.
Hope that is useful.
Richard Loosemore
P.S. Nice to see some Welsh in the boilerplate stuff at the bottom of
your message. I used to work at Bangor in the early 90s, so it brought
back fond memories to see "Prifysgol Bangor"! Are you in the Psychology
department?
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