Leroy,

here `man dig` is your friend:

Unless it is told to query a specific name server, dig will try each of the 
servers listed in /etc/resolv.conf.
When no command line arguments or options are given, dig will perform an NS 
query for "." (the root).

It is possible to set per-user defaults for dig via ${HOME}/.digrc. This file 
is read and any options in it are applied before the command line arguments.

Ondřej 
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Ondřej Surý — ISC (He/Him)

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> On 18. 4. 2022, at 7:27, Leroy Tennison via bind-users 
> <bind-users@lists.isc.org> wrote:
> 
> 
> When I attempt “dig -t AXFR office.example.com -k 
> Kexample_dns.+157+18424.key” on the DNS server (Bind 9.11) sudoed to root I 
> get:
> 
> ;; Couldn't verify signature: expected a TSIG or SIG(0)
> ; Transfer failed.
> 
> This is an Ubuntu 18.04 system and /etc/systemd/resolved.conf has 
> DNS=127.0.0.1 since the DNS server is running on it.  Systemd-resolved has 
> been restarted afterward.  I've tried using an actual interface address but 
> it doesn't help.  It seems dig tries to use 127.0.0.53 due to its being in 
> /etc/resolv.conf and that fails even though dig for forward/reverse lookups 
> works.
> 
> If I add @127.0.0.1 to the above it works.  Is there a way to get this to 
> work without having to do that and not setting up the entire network 
> configuration using systemd.  I realize it's not a big effort to add 
> @127.0.0.1 but the reason for the issue is obscure, the error message is 
> misleading and my distaste for systemd is sufficient enough that I would 
> prefer avoiding it as much as possible.  Thanks for any input.
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