Hi Heystek,
It's a Friday afternoon so perhaps my eyes are deceiving me, but it looks
like you are wanting to store 602 million data points in BRAM? don't think
you are going to have too much luck with that. You could generate a
relatively fine grained cosine wave and only store the first 1/4 wave of
it. When doing the lookup you can reuse the values (essentially just
flipping or swapping to form the remaining 2nd,3rd and 4th quarters) as
needed to form a full waveform. To change frequency you scale your counter
value to skip lookup entries (so essentially you work through the lookup
faster and hence get a shorter period sinusoid). This way you will use far
less memory and can generate different frequencies with the same lookup
table. Amplitude can be scaled as needed.
Hope this helps.
Regards,
Andrew
On Fri, Nov 26, 2021 at 3:49 PM Heystek Grobler <heystekgrob...@gmail.com>
wrote:
> Hey Andrew
>
> Thank you so much for the explanation.
>
> Is there a way to get around it by using a similar kind of block? Or
> should I rethink the sine wave that I generated that makes use of 602 000
> 000 data points?
>
> Thanks for the help!
>
> Heystek
>
> On 26 Nov 2021, at 15:46, Andrew Martens <and...@sarao.ac.za> wrote:
>
> Hi Heystek
>
> Simulink has a maximum BRAM size of 64k (16 bits address size). A 32 bit
> address size would equate to 4G addresses, which is far larger than the
> amount of BRAM available in the FPGA.
>
> Regards
> Andrew
>
> On Fri, Nov 26, 2021 at 3:40 PM Heystek Grobler <heystekgrob...@gmail.com>
> wrote:
>
>> Hey everyone.
>>
>> I have one last question regarding the BRAM. For my application I need an
>> address width of 32, but I get the error that the maximum allowable
>> address width is 16. Is there away around this problem or a way to get the
>> BRAM to use an address width of 32?
>>
>> Thanks for the help!
>>
>> Heystek
>>
>> On 25 Nov 2021, at 21:28, Dan Werthimer <d...@ssl.berkeley.edu> wrote:
>>
>>
>> hi morag.
>>
>> thanks for helping everyone.
>>
>> best wishes,
>>
>> dan
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Thu, Nov 25, 2021 at 11:25 AM Morag Brown <mbr...@sarao.ac.za> wrote:
>>
>>> Happy to help :)
>>>
>>> On Thu, Nov 25, 2021 at 9:19 PM Heystek Grobler <
>>> heystekgrob...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hey Morag!
>>>>
>>>> Know I understand!
>>>>
>>>> It is working.
>>>>
>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 21.18.00.png>
>>>>
>>>> Thank you so much for the help!!!
>>>>
>>>> Heystek
>>>>
>>>> On 25 Nov 2021, at 21:08, Morag Brown <mbr...@sarao.ac.za> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Hi Heystek,
>>>>
>>>> Great!
>>>>
>>>> I think Jack mentioned in an earlier email that the maximum number that
>>>> can be represented by a <32,31> fixed point system is 1 - 2^-31. Reducing
>>>> the magnitude of your sinusoid so that the peak value is below this maximum
>>>> would work. Or alternatively, scaling your values by an amount less than
>>>> 2^31 would have the same effect.
>>>>
>>>> Morag
>>>>
>>>> On Thu, Nov 25, 2021 at 8:59 PM Heystek Grobler <
>>>> heystekgrob...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Hey Morag
>>>>>
>>>>> That worked!
>>>>>
>>>>> When I read the packed sine wave from the BRAM, unpack it and plot it,
>>>>> I get this:
>>>>>
>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 20.56.16.png>
>>>>>
>>>>> I assume there is one data point that is causing problems at 1 or -1
>>>>> that is overflowing? Any idea how I can fix that?
>>>>>
>>>>> Heystek
>>>>>
>>>>> On 25 Nov 2021, at 20:22, Morag Brown <mbr...@sarao.ac.za> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Hi Heystek,
>>>>>
>>>>> You would need to increase the BRAM depth to one that can store all
>>>>> your data - currently, because the address width is 10, it can only store
>>>>> 2^10 (1024) points and you're trying to write 6020. So you would need to
>>>>> increase the address width to an appropriate size.
>>>>>
>>>>> Morag
>>>>>
>>>>> On Thu, Nov 25, 2021 at 8:05 PM Heystek Grobler <
>>>>> heystekgrob...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Hey Morag
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The BRAM has an address width 10 and a data width of 32.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Should I increase it?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Heystek
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On 25 Nov 2021, at 19:52, Morag Brown <mbr...@sarao.ac.za> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Hi Heystek,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> How big is the BRAM in your design? Does it have enough space to
>>>>>> accommodate the amount of data you're trying to write to it?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Morag
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On Thu, Nov 25, 2021 at 6:59 PM Heystek Grobler <
>>>>>> heystekgrob...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hey Morag and Jack
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thank you for the suggestions.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I played around a little bit. if I create the sine wave the same as
>>>>>>> you Morag, then it works. I am able to write it to the bram, read it
>>>>>>> back
>>>>>>> from the bram, unpack it and get the same signal back. As soon as I use
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> sine wave that I require for my application, then it breaks again.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Here is what I achieved using your sine wave Morag (ps iI changed my
>>>>>>> design to 32 bit):
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 18.49.04.png>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 18.49.34.png>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 18.49.58.png>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> When I use my sign wave, then it does not work:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 18.55.45.png>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 18.56.02.png>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 18.56.14.png>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 18.56.43.png>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The only thing that changed is the sine wave. is there something
>>>>>>> that I am missing?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thanks for the help! I really appreciate it!
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Heystek
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 25 Nov 2021, at 14:57, Morag Brown <mbr...@sarao.ac.za> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I think that's because the functions used in both *In[15]* and
>>>>>>> *In[16]* do the same thing. See the screenshots below to see what I
>>>>>>> mean. So you construct the raw bytes data in *In[15]* and then try
>>>>>>> to pack that as an integer in *In]16}*, which won't work because
>>>>>>> *struct.pack('>i',A_y) *expects data of type *int* while you're
>>>>>>> actually giving it data of type bytes. To pack the data using
>>>>>>> *struct.pack()* you would need to pass it an *int* (or array of
>>>>>>> *ints* and tell it how many points you're packing). I think
>>>>>>> (someone please correct me if I'm wrong) that you only need to do one or
>>>>>>> the other to get the correct raw data to be written to BRAM.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> <Screenshot from 2021-11-25 14-55-29.png>
>>>>>>> <Screenshot from 2021-11-25 14-55-39.png>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I also see you're scaling up by 2^31, but I think your BRAM is data
>>>>>>> width is 16 bits, so you'd likely want to scale by 2^15?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Morag
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Thu, Nov 25, 2021 at 12:46 PM Heystek Grobler <
>>>>>>> heystekgrob...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Hey Jack and Morag
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> thank you for the advice and help! i am still getting errors and is
>>>>>>>> stuck. Below is the new errors:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 12.41.43.png>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> <Screenshot 2021-11-25 at 12.42.53.png>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I have also attached the new script I am working on.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Could it be that I am generating the sine wave incorrectly? I have
>>>>>>>> about 600 000 000 points that I am working with.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I keep getting “cannot convert argument to integer when running
>>>>>>>> struct.pack.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Thanks for the help!
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Heystek
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On 23 Nov 2021, at 14:31, Jack Hickish <jackhick...@gmail.com>
>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Hi Heystek,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Assuming your BRAM is set for 32-bit wide, you probably want to be
>>>>>>>> writing the values with 31 bits below the binary point -- i.e.
>>>>>>>> normalized
>>>>>>>> to the range [-1, 1) (aka simulink FIx32_31). In this case the packed
>>>>>>>> values would be:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> struct.pack('>i', int(floating_point_sine_value * 2**31))
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Though, be careful, because +1.0 isn't included in this number
>>>>>>>> representation (the maximum is 1 - 2**-31) , so you might want to
>>>>>>>> include
>>>>>>>> some saturation logic (or scale up by a value less than 2**31).
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> For what it's worth, you can pack an entire numpy array with:
>>>>>>>> floating_point_numpy_array.astype('>i').tobytes()
>>>>>>>> ,which saves looping and appending to a binary string.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Does that help?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Cheers
>>>>>>>> Jack
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On Mon, 22 Nov 2021 at 18:10, Heystek Grobler <
>>>>>>>> heystekgrob...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Hey Jack
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I am also well thank you. We are starting to go back to the
>>>>>>>>> observatory (HartRAO) again.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Here is a snippets of the python code that I am using as well as
>>>>>>>>> my simulink design:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The first nipped is where I create the sine wave:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The second snipped is where I plot the sine wave:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The third snipped is where I pack the sine wave array:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The fourth snipped is where I write the packed data to the BRAM:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Snipped 5 is where I want to use the sine wave and cosine wave:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> But to check that it is working, I have created the simple design
>>>>>>>>> in snipped 6:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I have also attached my simulink design and python script.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Thank you for the help!
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Heystek
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On 22 Nov 2021, at 18:55, Jack Hickish <jackhick...@gmail.com>
>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Hi Heystek,
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> All good here (in London), Thanks. Hope things are going ok with
>>>>>>>>> you too!
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I've taken this back on list for the benefit of others. Do you
>>>>>>>>> have:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> a) a snippet of some python code which you're using at the moment
>>>>>>>>> b) A Simulink snippet of the BRAM you're trying to write to,
>>>>>>>>> indicating how the bram is configured and how its data are being used?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Cheers
>>>>>>>>> Jack
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On Mon, 22 Nov 2021 at 16:52, Heystek Grobler <
>>>>>>>>> heystekgrob...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Hey Jack
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> How are you? It has been a while since we last spoke.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> I am really struggling to pack data into binary format for my
>>>>>>>>>> design. I was wondering if you have time if you can please help me
>>>>>>>>>> with it.
>>>>>>>>>> I have no clue if what i am doing is correct and there is no one
>>>>>>>>>> around me
>>>>>>>>>> with the knowledge to help me.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> All that I want to do is too pack a sine wave that I already
>>>>>>>>>> generated, and write it to a BRAM.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> I hope to hear from you soon!
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Heystek
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
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