Cryptography-Digest Digest #715, Volume #10 Fri, 10 Dec 99 02:13:01 EST
Contents:
Random Numbers??? (John)
Re: Digitally signing an article in a paper journal ("Trevor Jackson, III")
Re: Synchronised random number generation for one-time pads ("Trevor Jackson, III")
Re: Random Noise Encryption Buffs (Look Here) ("Trevor Jackson, III")
Re: Random Noise Encryption Buffs (Look Here) ("Trevor Jackson, III")
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: John <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Random Numbers???
Date: Thu, 09 Dec 1999 22:27:17 -0800
I have been kicking around random # generators. I have 3 sets of 1000
random #s. Are they? How can you tell? Integers range from 0 through
255 inclusive.
Set1---Set2---Set3
113 126 114
227 80 140
165 240 210
24 211 242
122 139 44
225 125 146
104 77 197
152 194 194
195 246 35
124 23 212
225 121 120
105 34 169
112 194 41
222 100 92
203 118 65
97 158 188
22 188 241
13 185 140
51 231 58
40 254 203
210 165 205
215 31 109
102 110 83
169 239 172
205 229 191
253 253 105
134 252 27
21 5 178
100 16 58
130 4 97
250 132 104
181 78 159
117 88 242
179 4 27
158 65 222
184 37 108
97 71 93
218 253 36
20 63 222
254 94 74
12 198 62
177 239 36
169 237 219
30 89 95
230 202 252
213 11 250
147 68 109
128 252 230
68 86 55
139 115 253
90 160 104
66 221 29
2 111 56
65 16 236
89 155 37
130 4 43
204 15 47
241 13 100
197 60 52
194 174 182
77 9 225
3 229 91
86 85 251
133 159 142
64 188 57
159 92 12
203 177 18
233 152 213
26 170 115
132 195 110
200 175 123
108 126 225
52 144 31
28 228 198
87 63 245
187 127 18
235 138 125
113 137 107
144 222 155
10 69 115
31 210 233
99 255 184
209 122 158
99 36 55
155 41 111
167 206 179
171 217 146
176 158 40
116 2 71
182 74 237
89 238 12
98 95 65
219 137 96
184 233 101
187 159 100
234 109 63
234 64 24
35 61 64
86 17 159
177 17 86
89 21 87
121 1 136
44 244 137
97 143 90
0 110 241
23 192 137
214 110 41
46 82 30
224 27 19
25 134 223
133 33 95
119 111 221
189 232 117
25 231 128
91 56 82
82 234 251
64 108 83
182 193 36
210 192 229
69 30 7
0 32 110
180 7 186
183 57 241
11 232 225
133 125 251
217 172 166
141 111 78
58 165 214
161 75 242
52 181 74
182 147 155
245 79 152
85 169 194
190 2 254
61 102 141
217 107 120
254 83 207
175 38 159
239 186 136
104 99 101
13 239 112
102 137 96
78 99 120
34 194 151
205 245 207
115 141 173
109 147 197
230 226 84
33 177 202
193 17 30
33 230 168
177 254 129
149 186 174
102 184 50
129 170 58
113 67 192
35 165 36
139 101 220
191 164 184
85 127 177
249 198 72
241 135 198
62 142 121
95 211 26
37 142 227
144 160 233
167 161 238
85 153 218
114 32 62
132 88 120
194 179 9
94 23 34
157 0 239
55 184 16
40 191 112
123 70 64
95 90 55
233 107 229
60 244 164
209 73 86
156 232 139
62 107 45
81 72 164
81 109 85
69 201 223
201 19 183
44 183 41
162 8 86
9 144 143
60 9 18
44 126 251
11 93 169
137 24 119
101 65 110
248 243 90
50 119 38
103 0 255
185 175 220
107 173 194
7 68 162
194 75 212
140 239 121
151 48 43
198 187 228
147 209 102
196 49 231
161 9 138
162 162 86
115 97 131
101 24 176
153 70 79
40 103 225
11 130 222
3 156 56
143 86 152
221 66 184
23 73 33
30 109 185
165 57 133
255 106 6
3 128 146
12 185 1
137 254 190
64 164 210
253 71 131
85 71 186
224 193 131
21 216 89
40 224 238
14 47 30
46 4 150
82 158 215
222 202 209
175 48 123
75 82 15
230 161 226
247 251 13
125 102 239
86 47 98
88 243 164
113 154 125
3 122 26
177 246 103
7 109 70
2 107 130
128 173 106
96 171 225
107 62 236
38 0 97
157 228 16
150 34 129
85 19 186
55 133 180
199 118 124
229 123 93
45 169 187
207 183 114
136 150 120
72 68 18
36 160 125
228 85 105
253 54 126
39 178 217
169 198 141
187 101 108
148 234 237
94 128 129
107 79 108
145 155 92
77 170 95
226 228 76
34 34 201
79 66 18
164 149 247
223 2 130
114 37 94
211 65 243
114 195 105
76 165 20
229 139 145
210 216 44
211 224 212
237 191 197
100 220 229
131 83 8
10 231 166
158 252 12
79 171 63
49 191 108
211 144 71
72 165 109
100 198 182
86 83 69
75 63 230
46 133 195
206 197 224
231 93 20
236 84 38
76 111 143
247 188 163
219 64 123
144 87 205
170 197 68
146 98 185
104 58 206
116 69 212
163 29 8
252 148 138
195 115 35
183 109 51
156 214 33
236 76 194
72 191 44
14 35 209
221 185 238
24 37 169
124 211 102
7 10 134
87 79 72
244 199 249
149 29 93
11 198 195
167 36 254
73 210 185
139 144 167
228 233 239
166 238 152
92 167 109
51 52 86
12 19 65
103 246 167
103 13 104
104 30 146
91 37 48
230 179 188
183 215 204
116 164 183
53 70 206
231 143 72
148 160 233
17 46 129
68 117 12
216 187 59
94 223 157
155 44 189
54 225 112
85 108 215
111 102 152
133 10 161
59 96 116
240 78 66
146 21 76
40 84 157
34 36 111
181 20 25
150 72 230
65 245 225
51 33 236
15 252 85
85 171 236
10 22 160
85 208 141
43 249 83
43 2 98
52 0 134
209 200 247
61 147 217
59 213 77
164 253 217
166 78 8
207 20 245
62 216 90
55 28 169
193 99 125
120 247 156
152 2 80
118 59 115
188 130 67
17 28 128
112 181 178
175 236 8
222 110 38
99 178 84
236 95 210
72 172 153
196 210 224
64 91 67
215 138 95
222 157 174
155 206 4
17 51 195
201 49 216
127 128 229
26 138 170
70 46 216
156 103 11
172 220 60
108 30 148
64 3 149
241 224 244
10 49 125
183 88 241
248 178 185
201 29 155
22 212 143
10 26 250
93 113 64
92 200 113
139 251 70
200 110 253
200 166 102
234 56 190
67 187 211
61 224 181
226 70 217
158 251 201
123 76 193
192 228 171
167 153 21
115 20 115
18 87 253
144 13 181
7 47 56
36 184 235
75 67 213
83 191 150
8 21 203
100 47 18
214 175 249
209 1 33
52 137 8
207 187 130
114 115 81
25 55 7
18 194 114
130 142 77
224 125 233
235 250 109
248 158 193
62 254 11
134 224 215
208 238 181
158 75 142
57 41 78
234 149 238
222 38 248
194 166 222
208 212 1
49 20 95
52 181 79
31 3 46
246 208 59
171 162 137
158 163 61
26 9 52
139 70 199
79 20 97
166 134 29
54 52 58
214 184 173
188 45 221
221 25 33
195 87 178
23 35 39
232 135 111
145 13 243
159 169 76
33 9 248
60 4 104
143 146 119
189 183 0
143 238 151
48 25 177
201 156 180
243 10 190
125 133 182
250 150 30
54 85 3
57 74 109
39 69 221
91 15 63
198 150 48
173 54 171
120 9 180
150 21 61
210 18 202
17 105 70
213 228 172
113 116 153
183 43 105
147 84 124
136 51 64
164 204 82
246 83 45
38 76 195
181 94 48
52 223 102
203 6 60
200 35 101
167 248 68
144 125 170
243 13 147
118 25 201
211 72 163
244 16 43
252 157 57
231 158 125
253 137 92
252 133 54
114 146 250
119 199 169
160 215 94
56 173 251
109 247 95
232 230 32
200 249 240
80 236 107
57 144 173
120 79 64
139 35 101
67 7 169
197 47 4
219 175 80
98 219 193
21 199 176
152 119 6
98 152 34
171 179 102
247 189 57
95 212 215
165 231 89
208 3 111
178 61 91
155 173 115
20 23 49
241 32 109
192 195 209
112 250 247
210 104 234
255 115 6
188 65 179
114 73 23
240 59 235
207 232 38
73 222 12
115 243 168
158 42 39
43 35 212
17 228 42
175 136 231
216 207 96
124 10 201
172 81 61
3 184 105
147 231 111
160 158 15
136 105 57
145 146 35
40 152 165
53 235 48
79 55 67
112 244 12
45 236 25
25 17 196
149 31 103
193 82 192
92 101 49
134 108 147
132 90 45
232 163 206
105 27 51
67 114 92
18 211 133
103 113 83
71 112 201
219 153 105
116 141 141
169 73 155
121 221 100
202 14 29
215 226 209
48 66 52
135 114 48
183 62 146
208 133 158
230 100 40
251 152 178
234 220 124
218 197 217
30 174 153
15 249 37
9 180 211
16 219 26
25 53 236
146 40 102
244 105 83
27 105 40
123 187 24
111 187 244
155 64 199
114 205 200
59 16 93
248 107 74
113 199 75
30 19 191
53 167 105
140 127 123
153 18 185
245 63 105
117 117 45
197 158 52
105 106 14
31 140 85
85 115 13
230 114 182
234 83 65
156 59 37
232 82 68
237 63 152
248 206 186
12 119 181
126 138 218
254 1 230
224 232 0
33 134 41
197 145 123
200 13 144
27 102 134
115 123 117
192 248 242
81 174 193
37 107 74
25 50 98
194 234 155
239 184 130
106 63 207
22 177 236
81 93 122
172 66 223
123 18 158
147 242 73
117 189 48
207 170 67
96 213 33
210 171 107
62 171 84
44 86 97
79 156 252
188 111 136
13 181 214
39 7 105
40 185 61
3 65 90
111 13 78
227 71 207
22 136 79
234 205 173
62 160 86
146 208 175
21 48 233
131 34 215
28 117 13
72 251 1
131 53 106
130 189 35
43 44 52
79 115 118
170 211 35
91 235 248
158 200 114
246 19 181
126 6 18
146 90 130
215 173 56
212 182 113
74 59 112
3 131 117
241 190 112
246 72 153
251 221 238
163 253 163
27 225 184
178 142 74
62 152 75
20 170 150
134 218 209
94 60 72
202 113 209
196 165 21
130 199 218
203 114 107
230 189 226
9 162 41
47 11 54
19 216 115
205 140 132
17 180 26
197 137 76
142 246 212
29 62 185
101 94 170
54 108 0
229 229 180
101 123 108
171 29 127
12 60 231
133 143 112
220 14 13
156 33 187
177 40 32
86 44 81
127 244 124
3 52 227
231 141 8
157 35 91
13 33 79
166 68 175
171 167 193
215 32 206
199 182 7
145 151 18
236 227 88
92 231 111
179 2 68
65 58 78
10 51 93
73 26 0
204 88 233
39 165 181
42 244 73
49 213 233
251 120 153
253 25 237
3 64 187
76 105 155
16 98 41
220 211 34
168 188 102
54 151 45
14 105 138
92 176 247
133 195 160
160 247 241
89 231 79
223 74 240
31 217 175
26 115 168
111 181 134
14 45 165
205 4 120
117 158 160
88 242 86
58 124 92
182 78 96
154 67 89
252 217 138
206 31 76
196 43 19
208 143 103
206 241 237
170 85 255
208 184 201
131 102 215
207 90 124
102 5 135
29 230 254
12 226 134
167 194 56
212 151 61
71 119 139
15 147 231
90 5 189
17 174 86
116 124 239
135 175 230
159 90 207
239 82 244
43 34 88
12 3 68
68 215 76
139 251 186
10 118 191
37 103 250
104 102 39
173 102 127
124 138 111
141 212 141
185 76 26
96 129 253
205 244 138
0 54 112
80 248 85
31 199 172
23 74 20
143 13 147
62 248 89
9 142 78
59 126 143
247 95 95
31 185 254
244 92 211
24 208 158
246 72 105
226 163 157
64 99 191
37 167 22
236 248 67
164 44 231
59 182 134
96 11 178
204 81 215
179 86 167
40 36 14
34 42 243
172 41 90
60 163 66
241 74 24
18 128 123
177 199 237
174 203 120
20 43 71
129 75 219
178 192 204
22 97 47
175 217 228
186 88 34
235 54 165
141 0 132
188 226 167
160 57 38
191 220 44
17 153 249
25 193 74
111 210 134
101 221 218
18 43 143
95 61 3
10 146 118
63 121 216
44 8 66
90 205 233
216 188 65
0 226 140
165 52 221
64 80 247
175 230 165
14 183 101
116 103 0
232 82 182
96 22 152
36 143 236
15 144 249
74 216 148
137 208 186
143 46 231
81 49 54
121 184 46
208 120 184
240 159 231
103 165 30
84 251 152
59 88 133
82 248 164
159 86 124
167 168 55
58 59 21
68 172 155
40 39 114
166 26 218
161 92 158
251 90 103
173 23 164
211 214 40
149 196 123
152 145 98
226 130 201
40 225 139
110 189 65
246 197 152
245 128 121
7 223 167
26 199 169
10 253 212
82 230 14
168 83 44
147 128 78
55 30 146
128 0 119
137 141 49
26 32 56
121 142 196
28 112 103
163 245 92
116 127 8
26 244 166
97 227 229
93 148 158
16 37 117
235 69 170
171 118 177
133 79 135
170 109 73
243 238 47
148 85 133
56 60 247
203 37 13
78 251 111
224 66 119
226 22 108
167 89 219
243 83 115
16 69 114
53 161 80
112 226 135
55 240 109
239 218 148
234 107 217
18 255 231
110 111 26
93 225 246
122 153 250
235 122 97
56 107 19
235 184 202
29 191 116
46 3 5
136 239 42
122 174 186
24 193 228
13 217 134
70 93 113
213 128 212
12 255 18
95 172 158
13 81 13
53 227 113
191 207 141
58 100 239
170 174 136
130 217 60
191 225 177
172 49 215
32 121 32
194 64 44
169 171 133
181 228 202
144 237 226
10 149 144
34 218 229
128 38 217
241 138 106
62 178 48
174 146 180
178 104 243
94 218 142
55 102 99
157 121 33
220 120 89
84 30 194
211 0 75
237 49 170
193 30 100
235 9 186
30 66 133
241 174 246
111 70 25
243 50 186
201 187 218
235 114 186
106 63 132
99 201 13
119 63 38
193 234 32
148 5 226
242 209 109
135 219 205
235 34 117
145 30 19
167 15 86
252 168 28
115 106 80
212 211 64
173 224 90
253 18 170
244 153 78
225 236 129
250 197 108
57 156 24
130 127 57
175 108 102
91 50 203
212 63 245
9 227 107
54 68 40
106 214 36
80 15 139
200 180 210
70 119 218
91 79 152
40 216 61
0 256 1.1 ****ignore last column. 256 out of range and 1.1 is
a non-integer. Just wanted to see if you were still with me :) :)
http://www.aasp.net/~speechfb
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------------------------------
Date: Fri, 10 Dec 1999 01:40:23 -0500
From: "Trevor Jackson, III" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Digitally signing an article in a paper journal
KloroX wrote:
> I have the following problem. I shall publish one or more articles in
> scientific journals which are printed on paper (i.e. no digital
> storage is used for the medium). For reasons which I am not discussing
> here, I cannot use my real name as author at present, but I wish to
> use a pseudonym and be able to demonstrate publicly my (real) identity
> as the author of the article(s) at a later date.
>
> It is not possible to sign the entire article, because the contents of
> the text may be changed slightly by editors (but enough to invalidate
> a digital signature) without consulting me. The most that an editor
> would probably allow is a paragraph of under ten printed lines added
> somewhere in the "Acknowledgements" section of the article. We may
> assume that the text in this paragraph will not be altered by the
> editors.
>
> I thought of using a sentence like "The author of this article
> entitled [...] reserves the right of making his real identity known at
> a later date", and placing a dugutal signature on this sentence, in a
> format that can be printed on paper without difficulty.
>
> There may be a lag of several years between the time of publication
> and the disclosure of my identity, and the method for verifying the
> signature should be faily standard (e.g., using a PGP key). How should
> I proceed in practice? Are there aspects to this problem which may
> present difficulties?
Several questions:
1. What is at stake?
2. Who are the opponent? What is your threat model?
Suggestions:
1. Use several signatures rather than one.
2. Use different signature mechanisms (RSA, DH, ECC)
3. Do not publish the plaintext.
4. Back up your cryptological proofs with more conventional proofs:
Mail your manuscript to yourself, certified, return receipt
requested.
Give the unopened manuscript envelope to a lawyer you trust.
Repeat this process twice (so you can say "I tell you three
times")
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 10 Dec 1999 01:49:58 -0500
From: "Trevor Jackson, III" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Synchronised random number generation for one-time pads
Tim Tyler wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> : [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> :> Authenticity is a problem for OTPs.
>
> : It's a solved problem. In fact the only theoretically
> : proven authentication methods are, like provable
> : privacy, based on a one-time random key stream.
>
> : For perfect secrecy, the condition required is that
> : for any message m, the ciphertext of m is independent
> : of m. For authentication we want the stronger
> : property that for any pair of messages m and m', the
> : signature of m is independent of the triple
> : (m, m', signature(m')).
>
> AFAICS, whatever type of hashing mechanism you use, the authentication is
> never perfect - since the attacker can simply guess a value for the
> signature. When it's wrong, the recipient realises what has happened,
> but when he guesses right, he is not detected. The chance of detection
> can be reduced to low levels by increasing the size of the signature,
> of course.
>
> This may be the best authentication conceivable - but it does not have the
> same "100%" feel that an OTP with a genuinely random pad would provide
> against eavsdropping.
Encrypting a message with an OTP does not provide 100% security in the sense
of 0% chance the opponent will learn the plaintext. I.e, the cipertext does
not forbid an opponent from thinking of the plaintext. The opponent would
always generate his own keystream and be right as often as 2^(-MsgLen).
That's not zero. But it is as practically close to zero as any reasonable
authentication scheme will get you. Below (say) 2^(-256) all numbers have the
same practical importance -- none.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 10 Dec 1999 02:00:54 -0500
From: "Trevor Jackson, III" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Random Noise Encryption Buffs (Look Here)
Guy Macon wrote:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Trevor Jackson, III)
>wrote:
>
> >> >The most probable waiting time between decays is zero.
> >>
> >> No it isn't.
> >
> >How do you figure otherwise? Given an exponential decay
> >expectation the maxima will be at zero.
>
> I was under the impression that the exponential decay came
> from the fact that there are a finite number of atoms in
> the sample and that each atom decays only once. I don't
> think (correct me if I am wrong) that individual radium
> atoms have an exponential decay expectation.
There may be a quantization issue that I've missed, but consider a pile of atoms whose
number is a power of two. If it decays "perfectly", half of the atoms in the pile will
decay each half-life. When the pile reaches two atoms, one goes in the (N-1)st half
life.
The Nth half life has a 50% chance of the last atom decaying. The (N+1)st has a 25%
chance
of the atom decaying. N+2 has 1/8. So if the pile starts with a single atom I think
you
still have an exponential decay expectation.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 10 Dec 1999 02:04:36 -0500
From: "Trevor Jackson, III" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Random Noise Encryption Buffs (Look Here)
Douglas A. Gwyn wrote:
> "Trevor Jackson, III" wrote:
> > Guy Macon wrote:
> > > [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Tony T. Warnock) wrote:
> > > >The most probable waiting time between decays is zero.
> > > No it isn't.
> > How do you fogiure otherwise? Given an exponential decay expectation
> > the maxima will be at zero.
>
> And the probability that the interval is precisely 0
> is precisely 0. You ought to talk about the density instead.
> Although this all seems irrelevant to the original topic.
Which are you Achillies or the tortoise? Of course the instantaneous
porbability is zero. Anything divided by infinity is zero.
Irrelevancy is not reduced by dragging in red herrings.
------------------------------
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