-Cavet Lector- <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> -Cui Bono- from: <A HREF="http://www.hertge.com/newbury/history.htm">http://www.hertge.com/newb ury/history.htm</A> ----- Well, ya see there was the firm of Bush & Wildes, Boston and Bush & Comstock, Boston that were have clipper ships built by the G. W. Jackman, Newburyport and Geo. W. Jackman Jr,., Newburyport shipyards. This began about 1852 and till about 1856. Buying several a year and then reselling them a few years later. I do not know if there is any familial relationship with GHWB or FT Bush American consul and agent at Hong Kong in the mid 1800s. But looking. Also there are a bunch of Perkins and family in town. Caleb Cushing and Mason Albert Pike also hail from Newburyport where there was much contact with China trade. Om K NEWBURY - A Brief History The settlers of Newbury were much like those of much of what is now northern Essex county. They were not religious enthusiasts or pilgrims who fled from religious persecution in England. They were substantial, law abiding, loyal English tradesmen, of that staunch middle class that was the backbone of England. Those that settled Newbury came at different times and on different ships, between the end of April, 1634 and July, 1635. In one of the first ships arriving in 1635, came Thomas Parker a minister along with a small company of settlers. They went first to Agawam (Ipswich) and later along with their countrymen, who came from Wiltshire, England, to Newbury. On May 6, 1635, before the settlers had moved from Ipswich to Newbury, the House of Deputies passed a resolution that Quascacunquen was to be established as a plantation and its name was to be changed to Newbury. So Newbury was named before the first settlers arrived, interestingly Thomas Parker had taught school in Newbury, Berkshire, England before coming to America. The first settlers came by water from Ipswich, through Plum Island Sound, and up the Quascacunquen River, which was later renamed the Parker River. There had been a few fisherman occupying the banks of the Merrimack and Parker rivers before this, but they were not permanent settlers. These settlers came to Newbury in May or June of 1635. Ships from England began to arrive almost immediately with cattle and more settlers. Governor Winthrop, in his history of New England under the date of June 3, 1635, records the arrival of two ships with Dutch cattle along with the ship "James", from Southampton bringing more settlers. Newbury was, therefore, begun as a stock raising enterprise and the settlers came to engage in that business and to establish homes for themselves. In total fifteen ships came in June and one each in August, November and December bringing still more families to the settlement. There is no record of how many families arrived in the first year. Houses were erected on both sides of the Parker River. The principal settlement was around the meeting house on the lower green. The first church in Newbury could not have been formed before June, as some of those recorded at its formation are not recorded as having arrived until June. In the division of land the first settlers recognized the scripture rule, "to him that hath shall be given," and the wealth of each grantee can be estimated by the number of acres given him. The reason for establishing Newbury, as stated above, was not in fleeing from religious persecution but to utilize vacant lands and to establish a profitable business for the members of a stock-raising company. When they arrived in Massachusetts, the settlers found that the state had established the Congregational form of religion. Everyone was taxed to support the Congregational Society and was commanded to attend worship at the meeting house. The Reverend Thomas Parker was a member of the stock raising company and was also the minister of the settlers. The outlying settlers had a long journey to the meeting house. The congregations were in danger of attacks from Indians and wild beasts on their way to and from worship. There was a constant dread of attack during the time of services and all able bodied inhabitants were required to bring their weapons to church. Sentinels were posted at the doors. In spite of the hardship and danger, the population steadily increased in number and gradually improved its worldly condition. Being cramped for room, the settlers moved up to the upper or training green. This was in order to get tillable land and engage in commercial pursuits. This movement began in 1642. Each had been allotted half an acre for a building lot on the lower green, on the upper green each was to have four acres for a house lot. Also on the upper green a new pond was artificially formed for watering cattle. The new town gradually extended along the Merrimack River to the mouth of the Artichoke River. It appears that all desirable land in this region was apportioned among the freeholders by October 1646. The land beyond was ordered to lie perpetually common. This tract of common land was a part of Newbury and what is now West Newbury. The Indian threat had disappeared as most of the Indians in the region had been exterminated by an epidemic. The first record of an Indian living in Newbury is in January 1644, when a lot was granted to "John Indian." Over the following years some notable, though not earth shaking events occurred in Newbury. In 1639, Edward Rawson began the manufacture of gun powder in what was probably America's first powder mill. Newbury had a trial for witchcraft thirteen years before the trials in Salem. In 1679, Elizabeth Morse was accused. She was condemned three times to die, but was reprieved and spent her last years in her home, at what is now Market square in Newburyport. The first American born silversmith was Jeremiah Dummer of Newbury who apprenticed to John Hull, an Englishman. He practiced his trade in what is now Newburyport. Jeremiah was the father of Governor William Dummer the founder of Gov. Dummer Academy. Jeremiah's brother-in-law, John Coney, engraved the plates for the first paper money made in America. In 1686, when the upper Commons (West Newbury) were divided among the freeholders of the town of Newbury, Pipestave Hill was covered with a dense forest of oak and birch. These trees were cut and used to make staves for wine casks and molasses hogsheads. For many years, this industry, the first of its kind in America, flourished and the place is still called Pipestave Hill. Limestone was discovered in Newbury in 1697. Previous to this all the lime used for building was obtained from oyster and clam shells. Mortar made from this lime was very durable and came, in time, to be almost as hard as granite. This business prospered for many years until a superior quality of lime was discovered elsewhere. The first toll bridge and shipyard in America were also in Newbury. The latter giving rise to the ship building industry which was to determine the prosperity of Newburyport in the coming centuries. In West Newbury, in 1759, Enoch Noyes began making horn buttons and coarse combs of various kinds. This was the beginning of the comb making business in Newbury and other places. This business continued and grew, moving to Newburyport in its later years, closing in 1934. Lt. Gov. William Dummer, in his will of 1761 directing that a school house be erected on the most convenient part of his farm. In 1762, the first schoolhouse was erected, a low one story building about twenty feet square commencing its sessions in 1763, this is the oldest boarding school in America. In 1764, that part of Newbury which had become the commercial center was divided off and made Newburyport. This action relegated Newbury to a rural and fishing community. In 1784, the first incorporated woolen factory in Massachusetts was erected at the falls of the Parker River in Newbury. In 1851, still another section of Newbury was added to what is now the city of Newburyport. The area known as "Joppa", was the area from Bromfield Street, along the shore to Plumb Island. Today Newbury is a quiet New England town, rich in heritage, the birthplace of many things American, not the least of which is an abiding reverence for our past. ===== NEWBURYPORT - A Brief History The history of Newburyport prior to 1764 is largely the history of Newbury. As a farming community, Newbury expanded rapidly, outgrowing the land along the Parker River. In 1642, a "New Town" was laid out beside the Merrimack River and residents were offered new lots there in exchange for their old land near the Parker River. By 1700, New Town was still predominantly rural although the waterfront was becoming a commercial center for ship building, trading, and live stock butchering and fishing. Between 1681 and 1714 over 100 vessels were built in Newbury. During these years, trade with the West Indies and Europe developed a commercial relationship that dominated Newbury Port's economy, for better and for worse, until the early 1800's. Lumber, fish and other goods left Newburyport while sugar and molasses for the distilleries were a major import. In support of the shipping related businesses, Newbury Port attracted merchants, traders and artisans, people whose interests conflicted with the farmers in the rest of Newbury. By 1764, a dispute over the location of a new meetinghouse resulted in the granting of a petition to establish a separate town of Newburyport. With 2900 residents and bounded by today's Bromfield and Oakland streets, the community of 640 acres was important far beyond its physical size. Newburyport became the commercial center for the towns of southern New Hampshire and northeastern Massachusetts. Ship building continued with 72 ships under construction in 1766 and as many as 90 launched in 1772. The city's first commercial setback came with the Revolutionary war. English ports were closed and British firms could no longer use American ships for transportation. Newburyport switched to privateering with mixed success. Some 24 ships and 1,000 Newburyport men were lost during the war. With the end of the war, prosperity returned and Newburyport's Golden age began. From 1776 to 1810, the population doubled from 3681 to 7634. The sailing fleet increased from 118 ships of 12,000 tons in 1790 to 176 ships of 30,000 tons by 1800. Great wealth resulted from ship building, fishing and as the neutral carriers for warring European nations. Shipping peaked in 1805, when imports in just one month totaled $800,000. Although the building of new homes along High street began about this time, the prosperous days were numbered. Continuing problems with the British resulted in the Embargo act of 1807 and finally the war of 1812. Newburyport's favorite foreign ports were closed again and ships along the coast lay idle at the wharves. In the midst of this trouble came the great fire of 1811, destroying most of the Newburyport commercial district. Although the area was quickly rebuilt, in the style remaining to this day, the war and fire dealt blows from which Newburyport never fully recovered. Between 1810 and 1830 the population actually declined by 1300 as many of Newburyport's young men left to seek opportunity elsewhere. This decline was halted in the middle of the 1830's with the construction of textile mills, changing the focus of the local economy from shipping to manufacturing. Because the mills needed raw materials, and with the opening of the California gold fields, ship building revived, reaching its peak in about 1850 and then declining until 1901 when the last major ship was built on the Merrimack, ending a 250 year old industry. The railroad from Boston reached Newburyport in 1840 further weakening the dependence on shipping. By the 1870's, large areas of the waterfront had been filled in to make room for railroad lines and storage for the import and distribution of coal. Newburyport became a city in 1851 and annexed a large portion of Newbury, extending the city boundary from Plum Island to the Artichoke river. The next century was marked by economic surges and declines, the latter best remembered in the depression. Textiles and shoe making had surpassed ship building in importance and when the mills began closing, as they did through out the Merrimack river valley, Newburyport suffered along with the rest of the Northeast The rebirth of Newburyport stems from not following the tide of destruction and rebuilding which characterized the urban renewal mania of the sixties. Newburyport chose the route of rebuilding and restoration, preserving for generations to come, its architectural proud heritage. Newburyport today, continues that proud heritage with a revitalized commercial district maintaining the beauty of the past and a people dedicated to our New England heritage. ===== from: http://newburyport.net/Welcome.html Click Here: <A HREF="http://newburyport.net/Welcome.html">Official Newburyport, Massachusetts Web Site</A> ----- Welcome to Newburyport Newburyport is a city that covers 9 square miles and has a population of 17,000. Even though it is one of the smallest cities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, it has always played an important role in this country's history. Newbury was first settled by English immigrants in 1635 and soon was slated to become the capital of Massachusetts before losing out to the more centrally located Boston. In 1644, "New Town" which represented the port area was laid out as part of Newbury. This was the beginning of the port's supremacy in shipbuilding, which lead to the nickname of Clipper City. However, the hustle and bustle of this downtown area with its magnificent harbor did not fit the rural atmosphere of Newbury's farms and fields. So, in 1764 "New Town" separated from Newbury and incorporated as the City of Newburyport. In 1791, the Coast Guard's first ship, the Frigate Massachusetts was built in Newburyport and the era of Clipper Ship building continued to grow. Ship builder Donald McKay brought the industry to its peak in 1839 and it continued to prosper until the advent of the steam powered crafts several decades later, which destroyed the shipbuilding industry. Another devastating loss occurred in 1811 when the "Great Fire" leveled the whole commercial area. However, out of the ashes raised the magnificent brick federalist buildings that still stand today. Newburyport is also known for such notable people such as: The Marquis De'Lafayette who often visited this great city and is quoted as identifying High Street as "the most beautiful street in America". We also entertained such notables as George Washington, John Quincy Adams, Theodore Roosevelt and boast of our very own famous natives such as: Tristram Dalton, son of famed Sea Caption Michael Dalton, the first Senator from Massachusetts, Major General Titcomb, Arctic explorer Adolphus Greely and Pulitzer Prize winner John Phillips (J.P.) Marquand to mention a few. Today Newburyport is a magnificent historic seaport community. Its' Renaissance began in the 1970s when the downtown was impeccably restored to a thriving yet charming business community filled with wonderful shops, restaurants, theater, and museums. So impressive was the restoration that the downtown has been recorded in the National Register of Historic Places. But there is so much more! When you visit us today, you will see why it is called the "Gem of the Merrimac". You will enjoy the sites at Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, one of the top 10 birding refuges in the United States, the exciting programs sponsored by Massachusetts Audubon Society at their Joppa Flats Education Center and Wildlife Sanctuary, witness the beauty of the 500 acre Maudslay State Park as you stroll, bike or cross country ski through the park, tour through the homes of yesteryear that have been meticulously restore by SPNEA (Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities or view our past at the Custom House Maritime Museum, Cushing House Museum and Lowell's Boat Shop. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ These pages are provided as a Public Service by NetWorx Internet Services, Inc. with valuable input from the community. We welcome your participation! Please contact us at [EMAIL PROTECTED] with your input. 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