-------- Original Message -------- Subject: Study: Causation of Cancer: Environment is the Principle Factor Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2000 00:51:56 -0500 (CDT) From: "Intl. CRT" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Organization: ? To: undisclosed-recipients:; Here is the actual study as reported in 7/13/2000 New England Journal of Medicine The New England Journal of Medicine -- July 13, 2000 -- Vol. 343, No. 2 Environmental and Heritable Factors in the Causation of Cancer -- Analyses of Cohorts of Twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland by: Paul Lichtenstein, Niels V. Holm, Pia K. Verkasalo, Anastasia Iliadou, Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, Eero Pukkala, Axel Skytthe, Kari Hemminki http://www.nejm.com/content/2000/0343/0002/0078.asp _________________________________ The New England Journal of Medicine -- July 13, 2000 -- Vol. 343, No. 2 Environmental and Heritable Factors in the Causation of Cancer -- Analyses of Cohorts of Twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland Paul Lichtenstein, Niels V. Holm, Pia K. Verkasalo, Anastasia Iliadou, Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, Eero Pukkala, Axel Skytthe, Kari Hemminki Abstract Background. The contribution of hereditary factors to the causation of sporadic cancer is unclear. Studies of twins make it possible to estimate the overall contribution of inherited genes to the development of malignant diseases. Methods. We combined data on 44,788 pairs of twins listed in the Swedish, Danish, and Finnish twin registries in order to assess the risks of cancer at 28 anatomical sites for the twins of persons with cancer. Statistical modeling was used to estimate the relative importance of heritable and environmental factors in causing cancer at 11 of those sites. Results. At least one cancer occurred in 10,803 persons among 9512 pairs of twins. An increased risk was found among the twins of affected persons for stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancer. Statistically significant effects of heritable factors were observed for prostate cancer (42 percent of the risk may be explained by heritable factors; 95 percent confidence interval, 29 to 50 percent), colorectal cancer (35 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 10 to 48 percent), and breast cancer (27 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 4 to 41 percent). Conclusions. Inherited genetic factors make a minor contribution to susceptibility to most types of neoplasms. This finding indicates that the environment has the principal role in causing sporadic cancer. The relatively large effect of heritability in cancer at a few sites (such as prostate and colorectal cancer) suggests major gaps in our knowledge of the genetics of cancer. (N Engl J Med 2000;343:78-85.) Source Information From the Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L., A.I.); the Institute of Public Health (Epidemiology) and the Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (N.V.H., A.S.); the Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P.K.V., J.K., M.K.); the Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (J.K.); the Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (M.K.); the Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland (E.P.); and the Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.H.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Lichtenstein at the Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, or at [EMAIL PROTECTED] Related Editorial The full text of Original Articles is available to subscribers only after logging on. However, you can order the complete article. Copyright � 2000 by the Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. ___________________________________________________________ T O P I C A The Email You Want. http://www.topica.com/t/16 Newsletters, Tips and Discussions on Your Favorite Topics <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance�not soap-boxing�please! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'�with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright frauds�is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. 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