http://justfacts.com/racial_issues.htm#affirmative
more racial information available at the site.
Affirmative Action
Note: To avoid the confusion that has surrounded the definition of term,
�affirmative action�, we are supplying 3 examples for the purpose of
understanding the facts contained in this section:
Example 1 (Outreach): A college conducts an outreach in minority communities
to inform people and encourage attendance at the school.
Facts regarding this type of affirmative action are not covered, because our
research did not find anyone that objected to this type of action.
Example 2 (Set-asides): A city sets aside 20% of their contracts and only
allows minority owned businesses to bid on them.
Facts regarding this type of affirmative action will be covered.
Example 3 (Preferences): A business is evaluating applicants for a position
they need to fill. The business factors the race of the applicants into the
selection process.
Facts regarding this type of affirmative action will be covered.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a non-profit organization.
Their web site states they are the "nation's foremost advocate of individual
rights", and are "devoted exclusively to protecting the basic civil liberties
of all Americans." (65)
* The ACLU�s �Briefing Paper on Affirmative Action� states that affirmative
action programs �do not grant preferences based on race.� (66) (emphasis
added)
* Proposition 209 was an initiative put on California's election ballot in
1996. It reads:
"The state shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential treatment
to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity, or
national origin in the operation of public employment, public education, or
public contracting." (67)(emphasis added) * The ACLU opposed it. (68)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Proposition 209 was passed by the voters of California in 1996. (69)
* After Proposition 209 passed, the ACLU attempted to have a federal district
court overturn it. The Clinton Department of Justice filed a �friend of the
court� brief supporting the ACLU in this effort. (70)
* As of February 2000, the ACLU�s �Briefing Paper on Affirmative Action�
reads:
There exists widespread confusion about what constitutes affirmative action
and what does not. Much of this confusion can be laid at the doorstep of the
anti-affirmative action movement which has deliberately distorted the
definition and goals of this legal remedy.
It also states:
1965 The term �affirmative action� is used for the first time by President
Johnson in E.O. 11246, requiring federal contractors to take �affirmative
action� to ensure equality of employment. (66) * The term "affirmative
action" was not used for the first time by President Johnson in 1965. It was
used for the first time by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 (Executive Order
10925.) The order reads: it is plain and positive obligation of the United
States Government to promote and ensure equal opportunity for all qualified
persons, without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin� (71)(72)
* The executive order makes no mention of using race as a factor in hiring,
firing, or contracting. Three times in this executive order, when Kennedy
addresses the topic of race, he uses the words �without regard to.� (72)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The Democratic National Committee opposed Proposition 209. (73)
* Their position paper on Proposition 209 states that they support
affirmative action programs, provided they meet Bill Clinton�s �standards of
fairness� which he outlined in 1995. The first standard is:
�no quotas in theory or in practice� (73) * The 1996 Delegate Selection Rules
of the Democratic National Committee require that the racial composition of
the delegates from each state is equal to the racial composition of the
voters from each state. (74)
* Bill Clinton�s "second standard of fairness" is:
�no illegal discrimination of any kind, including reverse discrimination�
(73) * A memo was circulated by the Clinton administration Defense Department
that stated:
�In the future, special permission will be required for the promotion of all
white men without disabilities.� (74) * Bill Clinton's "third standard of
fairness" is:
"no preference for people who are not qualified" (73) * The Clinton
administration Federal Aviation Authority published a "diversity handbook",
which stated:
"The merit promotion process is but one means of filling vacancies, which
need not be utilized if it will not promote your diversity goals." A Federal
Aviation Authority job announcement stated:
"Applicants who meet the qualification requirements . . . cannot be
considered for this position . . . Only those applicants who do not meet the
Office of Personnel Management requirements . . . will be eligible to
compete" (74) * Bill Clinton's "fourth standard of fairness" is:
"as soon as [an affirmative action] program has succeeded, it must be
retired" (73) * Two Clinton aides prepared a document entitled, "Affirmative
Action Review: A Report to the President." It did not recommend retiring one
of the existing 171 federal affirmative action programs. (74)
* In June of 1999, at a fundraiser in Los Angeles, Al Gore stated:
"I've heard the critics of affirmative action. They're in favor of
affirmative action if you can dunk the basketball or sink a three-point shot.
But they're not in favor of it if you merely have the potential to be a
leader of your community and bring people together, to teach people who are
hungry for knowledge, to heal families who need medical care." (75) * As of
February of 2000, Al Gore's web site contains three speeches that state:
�They're in favor of affirmative action if you can dunk the basketball or
sink a three-point shot.� (75)(76)(77) * Of the more than 50 articles about
affirmative action reviewed for this list of facts, no �critic of affirmative
action� has favored affirmative action in basketball or any other sport. As
of 1999, blacks comprise about 12.4% of the population in the U.S., and over
80% of professional basketball players. (78)(145)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* As of the late 1990�s, the Suffolk County Police Department in Long Island,
New York runs a cadet program for minorities only. The applicants have to
score a 70 or better on the police academy entrance exam to be admitted.
Whites must score in the high 90�s to be admitted to the police academy. (79)
* Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states:
It shall be an unlawful employment practice� to adjust the scores of, use
different cutoff scores for, or otherwise alter the results of, employment
related tests on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
(60) * In January of 2000, ABC News announced a policy of tying �bonuses for
executives to how well they do in employing minorities.� (181)
* In January of 2000, NBC announced they would double their purchasing from
minority owned businesses and add a minimum of one minority writer to each of
it�s second year shows in the fall. (182)
* Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states:
"It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer � to
discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms,
conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race,
color, religion, sex, or national origin." (60)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* 20,000 people in the city of Houston, Texas signed a petition to bring the
following initiative to a vote. It stated:
The city of Houston shall not discriminate against, or grant preferential
treatment to, any individual or group on the basis of race, sex, color,
ethnicity or national origin in the operation of public employment and public
contracting. (80) * The Democrat mayor of Houston (Bob Lanier) and the city
council reworded the ballot initiative into this question:
"Shall the charter of the city of Houston be amended to end the use of
affirmative action for women and minorities in the operation of city of
Houston employment and contracting, including ending the current program and
similar programs in the future?" (80) * The ballot measure was defeated by a
vote of 54% to 46%. The New York Times published the story on page 1. When a
similar measure was passed in the state of Washington, the New York Times
published the story on page 25. (81)
* Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states:
Nothing contained in this subchapter shall be interpreted to require �
preferential treatment to any individual or to any group because of the race,
color, religion, sex, or national origin of such individual or group on
account of an imbalance which may exist with respect to the total number or
percentage of persons of any race, color, religion, sex, or national origin�
(60)
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