-Caveat Lector- Dear List, Below please find two articles on csa and psychogenic amnesia. Sincerely, Neil Brick This may be triggering for survivors. > << "Overall, the relationship [between CSA and psychiatric disorders] > was robust," Dr. Kendler said. "I was a bit surprised how strong the > relationship remained and the strength of the evidence -- always > impossible to know for sure in this kind of research -- that the > relationship was truly causal." >> > > <><><><><><><><><><><> > > Sexual Abuse of Girls Causally Related to Adult Psychopathology > > > WESTPORT, CT (Reuters Health) Oct 13 -- The previously reported > relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and psychiatric > illness in women appears to be at least in part causal, according to a > report in the October Archives of General Psychiatry. > > Dr. Kenneth S. Kendler, from the Medical College of Virginia > Commonwealth University, in Richmond, and colleagues examined possible > links between CSA before age 16 and adult psychiatric and substance use > disorders in 1411 female adult twins, categorizing CSA into nongenital, > genital, and intercourse. > > "We tried to determine if the relationship was non-causal by controlling > for family dysfunction, parental psychopathology, reporting bias, and, > finally, by the co-twin control method," Dr. Kendler told Reuters > Health. > > The rates of abuse varied, the authors report, ranging from 8.4% for > intercourse to 21% for fondling. CSA significantly increased the risk of > major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, alcohol > dependence, and drug dependence, the researchers note, with the odds > ratios generally increasing with the degree of abuse (ie, from > nongenital to genital to intercourse). > > Psychiatric disorders were from 2.6 to 3.3 times more common among women > whose CSA included intercourse, and the risk of substance abuse was > increased more than fourfold, according to the results. > > Family factors -- parental education, parenting behavior, family > financial status, church attendance -- had little impact on the > prevalence of psychiatric or substance abuse disorders among these > women, the investigators observe. Similarly, parental psychopathology > did not predict the association between CSA and later psychopathology. > > Women who reported intercourse were four to six times likelier than > their nonabused twins to experience at least two psychiatric disorders > in adulthood, the results indicated. > > "Overall, the relationship [between CSA and psychiatric disorders] was > robust," Dr. Kendler said. "I was a bit surprised how strong the > relationship remained and the strength of the evidence -- always > impossible to know for sure in this kind of research -- that the > relationship was truly causal." > > Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:953-959. > > > Yasuno F, Nishikawa T, Nakagawa Y, et al: Functional anatomical study of > psychogenic amnesia. Psychiatry Res 2000 Jul 10 99:1 43-57. > > > Abstract: > Psychogenic amnesia is characterized by an inability to recall > information already stored in the patient's memory. It is usually > related to a stressful or traumatic event that cannot be explained by > manifest brain damage. To examine the underlying functional disturbance > of brain areas in this condition, we performed a positron emission > tomography (PET) activation study on a psychogenic amnesic patient and > on 12 normal control subjects. A task requiring explicit retrograde > memory of faces was compared with a control task. To assess functional > modi?cations associated with the processes of recovery, a second PET > study was performed on the patient 12 months after onset. During the > task, activation of the right anterior medial temporal region including > the amygdala was increased in the psychogenic amnesic patient. > Activation of the bilateral hippocampal regions increased only in the > control subjects. During recovery, the right anterior medial temporal > region became less active while the right hippocampal region became more > active. Activation levels also differed in the anterior cingulate > cortex, prefrontal cortex and some other cortical regions between > control subjects and the patient. These findings suggest that the > changes in these limbic and limbic-cortical functions are related to > symptoms of the psychogenic amnesia. <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. 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