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Re: Beitzah 002: Eruv Tavshilin
Aurel Littmann asked:
>>If we hold like "Hachono D'Rovo" -> you need a weekday to prepare for Shabbos/Yom Tov - How come the Nusach of Eiruv Tavshilin says - "with this Eiruv we may be permitted to bake...?<<
The Kollel replied:
>>1. This question is asked by Tosfos (DH v'Hayah) who is perplexed that since "Hachanah" is d'Oraisa, how can we bake and cook on Yom Tov for Shabbos? Even if one says that the Eruv Tavshilin permits it, how can the Rabanan make a Takanah (Eruv Tavshilin) which uproots the d'Oraisa law?
2. Tosfos answers that Rabah, who says here that Hachanah is d'Oraisa, is consistent with his opinion in Pesachim (46b) where he maintains that if one bakes on Yom Tov with intent to eat the item on a weekday, he is exempt, because guests might arrive before the end of Yom Tov who will be able to eat the food. Similarly, one is permitted mid'Oraisa to cook for Shabbos on Yom Tov which falls on Friday because guests might come on Friday afternoon. Even though mid'Rabanan we do not rely on the possibility of the arrival of guests, since mid'Oraisa the cooking is permitted the Takanah d'Rabanan of Eruv Tavshilin has the power to permit cooking on Yom Tov for Shabbos, l'Chatchilah.<<
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Aurel Littmann asked:
>>regarding #2- How could cooking not be considered real hachonoh when the possuk itself says Ofu. . . Tofu. etc showing that bishul and afiya is *real* hachonoh?
Also, spoiled rov Americaners may eat sushi raw (yech!) but we do not eat chicken etc, raw - so it is *not* "fit" before cooking? is this halacha subjective? does it go by Rov? Nishtaneh ha Tevah? The halacha defines what is really considered "fit" even though it is not?
What is Rabboh's practical definition of hachonoh? only a Beitza? what else?<<
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The Kollel replies:
1. When Tosfos (2b) writes that baking or cooking is not considered Hachanah he does not mean that baking and cooking are not important and significant activities. Rather, Tosfos is saying that the act is considered Hachanah mid'Oraisa only when one prepares something that did not exist before Yom Tov. An egg which had not been laid before Yom Tov is considered something new which came into the world on Yom Tov, while raw food, in contrast, did exist before it was cooked. Even though people might never eat the raw food before it is cooked, this still does not mean that one created the food when one cooked it.
2. It seems to me that the question about whether the Halachah changes nowadays that people do not eat raw chicken, etc., is more relevant when asked in a slightly different context: Is raw meat Muktzeh nowadays? The Shulchan Aruch (OC 308:31) rules that raw meat, even when entirely unsalted, is not Muktzeh on Shabbos because there are some people who chew raw meat. (Once it has been rinsed, there is no prohibition against eating it because of the blood inside it.) Is this also permitted nowadays when eating raw meat is surely unusual?
3. Tosfos writes only that Hachanah is applicable for an egg. However, there are one or two other examples. See the Gemara in Eruvin (38a) which states that one may not make an Eruv Techumin (to enable one to walk an additional 2000 Amos beyond the Shabbos boundary) on Yom Tov which falls on Friday. Rebbi Eliezer explains that the reason that one may not do this is because of Hachanah. By making the Eruv on Yom Tov one creates for himself a new Heter, which did not exist previously, to walk 2000 Amos beyond his original Techum. Tosfos there (DH Mishum) writes that the prohibition of Hachanah is mid'Oraisa.
4. The Tosfos ha'Rosh in Beitzah (2b, DH d'Amar Rabah) writes that the falling of the Man was also considered Hachanah. (In other words, if the Man would have fallen in the wilderness on Shabbos, Bnei Yisrael would not have been allowed to eat it because it was lacking Hachanah from before Shabbos.)
5. See Sefer ha'Chinuch (Mitzvah 298:6) who writes, "In my opinion, when one looks carefully in the Gemara, the only d'Oraisa prohibition of Hachanah that one finds is the prohibition of the egg." Nevertheless, we have shown that there are other Rishonim who do give other examples.
Kol Tuv.
Dovid Bloom
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