I could now debug the code and at least see which function fails:
PKCS12_parse failed with error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported.libssl3 no longer provides support by default for some old and unsecure algorithms. Such algorithms can be loaded by function OSSL_PROVIDER_load or by adding the right "providers" to the configuration of libssl.
I tried that, but failed so far. Maybe Sebastian (cc'ed) can help. Stefan