Just to follow up on the C++ sized enum: the bug with the underlying type has been fixed and will show up in the next release.
-----Original Message----- From: Richard Grimes [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Sunday, May 05, 2002 4:00 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: [DOTNET] Schrodininger's Enum Hmmm, Its been a while since I did any quantum mechanics[1], semiconductor research was just too much hard work, so I moved to software development to take a rest ;-). I think you'll find the answer to your question lies in the class heirarchy. An enum derives from System::Enum, which derives from System::ValueType. So this makes an enum a value type. The ECMA spec says this: "An enum, short for enumeration, defines a set of symbols that all have the same type. A type shall be an enum if and only if it has an immediate base type of System.Enum. Since System.Enum itself has an immediate base type of System.ValueType (see Partition IV), enums are value types (see Chapter 12). "[2] Also note that value types can be created on the stack and this is the case with enums - you do not use the managed new operator. (Actually I dislike the way that C# blurs the use of new, I think that you should be able to call a ctor of a value type directly, just as you do in C++. The fact that C# makes you use new when calling the ctor of a value type confuses the issue IMO.) Indeed, C++ is explicit in this respect, you declare a .NET enum with the __value keyword and if you try to create an instance with __gc new the compiler will generate an error. You could say that an enum is just a collection of named integral values, When you declare an enum it looks like you are deriving from an integral type, but this is just a trick that compilers play on you, you are merely telling the compiler the type on which the enum is based. Incidentally, the type of an enum highlights a bug in the C++ compiler. If you do this in C#: enum X : long {ONE}; you get a class derived from System::Enum with a member called value__ that is int64, the C# compiler will make the value__ member the type you specify in the declaration of the enum. If you do this in C++: __value enum X : __int64 {ONE}; you get a class derived from System::Enum with a member called value__, but regardless of the type you specify, value__ is always int32. Which is not what you want. So in summary, an enum is essentially a collection of named values, and so it is a value type. Richard [1] "FIR Studies of III-V Semiconductor Structures", 1990 www.grimes.demon.co.uk/thesis/Firsumm.htm [2] Common Language Infrastructure, Partition II Metadata ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ray Heath" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Sent: Saturday, May 04, 2002 11:50 PM Subject: [DOTNET] Schrodininger's Enum Visual Studio MSDN Help Wrote: "An Enum is a named constant whose underlying type is any integral type except Char. If no underlying type is explicitly declared, Int32 is used. Enum DERIVES FROM VALUETYPE, BUT IS NOT A VALUE TYPE. Programming languages typically provide syntax to declare an enumeration that consists of a set of named constants and their values." [1] Although a 'String Theory' kind of guy, I am not completely familiar with Quantum Object-Oriented Value/Non-Value Types. Is the upper-case type in the above paragraph accurate? If so, could someone point me to a clear explaination? Much of the literature seems to claim that Enum is indeed a value type (though not a primitive value type). [2] Thanks - Ray www.rayheath.com [1] ms-help://MS.VSCC/MS.MSDNVS/cpref/html/frlrfsystemenumclasstopic.htm [2] e.g. Pattison, Ted. "Basic Instincts: Objects and Values Part 1." (See Figure 2) MSDN Magazine. June 2002: 115 You can read messages from the DOTNET archive, unsubscribe from DOTNET, or subscribe to other DevelopMentor lists at http://discuss.develop.com. You can read messages from the DOTNET archive, unsubscribe from DOTNET, or subscribe to other DevelopMentor lists at http://discuss.develop.com. You can read messages from the DOTNET archive, unsubscribe from DOTNET, or subscribe to other DevelopMentor lists at http://discuss.develop.com.
